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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1990 Recycling PlanWASHINGTON COUNTY RECYCLING PLAN PENNSYLVANIA WEST VIRGINIA FREDERICK COUNTY WASHINGTON Ct7UNTY MARYLAND N VIRGINIA PREPARED BY WASHINGTON COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT JULY 1990 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, MARYLAND HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND WASHINGTON COUNTY RECYCLING PLAN REPRINTED NOVEMBER 1991 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Richard E. Roulette, President Ronald L. Bowers, Vice -President Linda C. Irvin -Craig John S. Shank Gregory I. Snook PLANNING STAFF Robert C. Arch, Planning Director William V. Stachoviak, Project Planner Debra A. Brewer, Planning Drafter Janet L. Walkley, Administrative Secretary TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE List of Tables i Introduction 1 Chapter I - Goals and Objectives 2 Chapter II - Waste Quantities and Characteristics 4 Chapter III - Materials Selection 10 Chapter IV - Materials Collection 12 Chapter V - Materials Processing 16 Chapter VI - Materials Marketing 18 Chapter VII - Implementation Schedule 32 Chapter VIII - Public Information 37 Chapter IX - Disposal Cost Analysis and Financial Planning 44 TABLES TABU PAGE 1 Population Projections, 1988-2000 4 2 Monthly Waste Stream - 1989 5 3 Projected Total Waste Stream - 1989 5 4 Ton of Material - 1989 White Goods, yard debris and tires 6 5 Waste Composition Percentages 7 6 Washington County Waste Stream Projections 8 7 Estimated 1988 Waste Generation and Recovery 9 8 Recycling Plan Options - Evaluation and Ranking 13 9 Estimated Materials from Voluntary 19 Recycling Program - 1994 10 Estimated Materials from Mandatory 20 Recycling Program - 1994 11 Dealers and Processors of Washington County - Recycled Materials 21 12 Regional Intermediate and Final Markets 23 1 INTRODUCTION The 1988 General Assembly, in enacting HB714, has required all Counties in Maryland to recycle a certain percentage of their solid waste flow by 1994. The law requires each County to prepare a plan for recycling to be submitted to the Department of the Environment by July 1, 1990. In developing their recycling plans, the Counties are required by the State legislation to address: 1. Methods to reduce the solid waste stream. 2. The feasibility of source separation of the solid waste stream generated within the County. 3. The recyclable materials to be separated. 4. The strategy for the collection, processing, marketing and disposition of recyclable materials. 5. Methods of financing the recycling efforts proposed by the County. 6. The feasibility of a system for the separate collection and mulching of leaves. 7. The feasibility of a system for the collection and recycling of white goods. 8. Separate collection of other recyclable materials. 9. Other recycling methods that will attain or exceed the solid waste stream reduction goals determined by the County. The law has established a mandatory goal of recycling at least 15% of Washington County's waste stream by 1994. The benefits of a recycling program include savings in landfill construction and lining costs as well as diversion of reusable resources for use by business and industry. While recycling is a logical, common sense approach for waste management, it requires effort and commitment at the individual, community and governmental level in order to be successful. This document presents and describes how Washington County intends to meet and exceed the recycling goal established by State law. The Plan is to be implemented in phases to allow the recycling program to be monitored and adjusted as experience is gained and as markets change over time. 1 Goals and objectives for the plan were prepared and adopted by the County Recycling Committee, consisting of the County Planning Director, Chief of Planning and Codes Administration, Landfill Director, Recycling Coordinator and Community Coordinator. The draft goals and objectives were reviewed by the Recycling Advisory Committee appointed by the County Commissioners. Preliminary Goals and Objectives: I. Provide for public involvement and input in recycling issues so as to achieve public acceptance of at least a 15% reduction in the waste stream by 1994. A. Inform citizens of and promote waste reduction, disposal, and recycling issues by all available means. B. Establish a Recycling Advisory Committee for informational input, coordination, and assistance in the formulation of the County's Recycling Plan. II. Encourage a primary role for private enterprise in all collecting, recycling, and marketing efforts. A. Investigate financial incentives to encourage creation of local recyclable materials markets. B. Where appropriate, encourage non-profit agencies to offer recycling services. C. Investigate methods to encourage local private enterprise to begin recycling programs. III. Establish a recycling planning, coordinating, and educating role for the County and municipal governments. A. Prepare and adopt necessary ordinances, zoning regulations, and amendments so as to promote comprehensive recycling County -wide. B. Establish a schedule for beginning public agency recycling programs. C. Establish methodology to document and account for various recycling efforts in meeting the 15% waste stream reduction goal. 2 IV. Integrate recycling with the County's comprehensive solid waste management strategy. A. Investigate regional recycling and incineration feasibility. B. Establish recycling centers at all green box locations and at other appropriate places. C. Establish a comprehensive waste and recycled material weight reporting system. D. Update the Solid Waste Plan to include recycling programs within the County. E. Investigate the feasibility of establishing a separation/ recycling facility at the County's landfill. Solid Waste Plannin Washington County is proceeding with an integrated solid waste management program so as to meet its waste disposal needs for the foreseeable future. The program includes planning for recycling, siting a new landfill, and participating in a study to determine regional waste -to - energy and recycling potential. Regional Approach As part of the Four County Study of a regional approach to solid waste management, regional recycling is also being investigated. The study will include a preliminary evaluation of possible regional cooperation in recycling, composting, iandfilling and waste -to -energy facilities. This will serve as the regional evaluation component of Washington County's Recycling Plan. 3 Population Projections The 1988 population in Washington County is estimated to be 116,195, and increased at an average of 900 persons per year from 1986 to January 1988. The table below presents population projections for Washington County through the year 2000 based on Maryland Office of Planning projections. Table 1 Population Projections for 1990 - 2000 Date State Planning Population Projections January 1990 120,500 1991 121,000 1992 121,500 1993 122,000 1994 122,500 1995 123,000 1996 123,560 1997 124,120 1998 124,680 1999 125,240 2000 125,800 Waste Stream Analysis Waste disposal at the Washington County Landfill has begun to be measured only recently on a systematic basis. A full-time weighing program began on July 1, 1989. Also a user fee was implemented on that date. The tons of solid waste landfilled from July 1 to December 31, 1989 were placed in the categories of residential, commercial, governmental, and institutional wastes. The categories based on reliable data for October, November and December are listed in Table 2. The projected total waste stream based on monthly totals from the last six months of the year is shown in Table 3. 4 Table 2 Monthly Waste Stream, 1989 - Tons Source Oct. Nov. Dec. Average Percent Residential 4,372 3,911 3,128 3,803 31.1 % Commercial 3,646 3,339 3,069 3,350 27.3 % Governmental 1,464 1,192 1,368 1,340 11.0 % Institutional 400 404 399 401 3.3 % Industrial 3,148 3,062 3,816 3,341 27.2 % Not Specified 31 21 0 17.2 .10% TOTAL 13,061 11,929 11,780 12,252 100.0% Table 3 Total Waste Stream - 12 Months - Tons (July, 1989 through June, 1990) Month Monthly Total July 14,872 August 14,501 September 12,319 October 13,061 November 11,929 December 11,780 January 17,089 February 12,819 March 13,133 April 13,530 May 13,324 June 14,762 TOTAL 12 months 163,119 T 5 White Goods, Tires and Yard Debris All waste materials except tires and white goods are directly landfilled. Whole tires are stockpiled, recycled monthly by Associated Tires, Inc. White goods are also diverted and stockpiled. They are then compacted and transported to Conservit, Inc., a local scrap processing firm, where they are shredded and marketed. Leaves and yard waste carried by private haulers or individuals are buried upon delivery to the landfill. Hagerstown now diverts collected leaves to storage areas rather than to the landfill. Tons of white goods, tires and yard debris identified in single loads that were weighed and disposed at the County Landfill are shown in Table 4 along with the average monthly tonnage and the projected total tonnage for 12 months. Table 4 Tons of Materials - 1989-1990 AL2 Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr White Goods 0.4 0 0.5 1.8 4.96 8.51 4.32 3.76 1.45 3.07 Yard Debris 110.0 120.0 207.0 228.0 91.00 95.00 64.00 92.00 54.00 98.00 Tires 68.9 55.4 54.7 49.0 54.80 72.00 55.90 45.50 60.30 64.80 Monthly Projected % of Total Average 12 Months Waste Stream White Goods 2.88 34.52 .02% Yard Debris 132 1584 .98% Tires 58 698 .43% Waste Characteristics No physical sorting analysis and composition survey has been done in the County. The waste composition estimate was based on Frederick County's data. Data from Frederick County was used since it was based on a composition survey and is most comparable to Washington County. Percentages of newsprint, cardboard, other paper, plastic, ferrous metal and "other" were adjusted based on a subjective comparision of the two Counties as presented in Table 5. Verification can only be accomplished by monitoring the amounts collected in the initial recycling program. n Table 5 Waste Composition Percentages Source Frederick County Washington County (Adjusted) Newsprint 12% 11% Cardboard 20% 22% Office Paper 7% 7% Other Paper 10% 9% Glass 7% 7% Plastic 10% 9% Ferrous Metal 8% 6% Aluminum 1% 1% Yard Waste 7% 7% Other 18% 21% The waste stream projection estimated in Washington County is listed in Table 6. It was calculated by using waste stream material percentages presented in Table 5, waste generation estimates and non -bulky waste stream projections from the Four County Study. Table 6 Washington County Waste Stream Projections Material % of Waste Average Waste Stream - Tons /Year' Stream 1989 1990 1994 Newspaper 11% 14,554 14,914 16,186 Cardboard 22% 29,118 29,829 32,375 Office paper 7% 9,268 9,491 10,300 Other paper 9% 11,906 12,204 13,244 Glass 7% 9,268 9,491 10,300 Plastic 9% 11,906 12,204 13,244 Aluminum 1% 1,324 1,356 1,471 Ferrous metal 6% 7,994 8,135 8,830 Yard waste, leaves 7% 9,268 9,491 10,300 Other 21% 27,794 28,473 30,903 'TOTAL 100% 132,400 2 135,588 3 147,153 4 1. Non -Bulky - Excludes Sludge and Rubble (Projected 1990 = 32,904 Tons) 2. Projected from County Landfill; August, September, October, November, and December Weight Reports 3. Projected from County Landfill; January, February, March, April, May and June 1990 Weight Reports 4. Draft GBB Four County Study, Waste Generation Projections, P.III-30 Materials Recovered and Recycled Six businesses provide recycling services in Washington County. Materials recovered and processed include old newspaper, office paper, plastic bottles, glass containers, aluminum cans, white goods, and cardboard. According to available data in 1989, approximately 8.1% of the waste stream was recovered and recycled as shown in Table 7. Table 7 Estimated 1989 Waste Generation and Recovery Generation Recovered 1 % Recovery Material % of Waste Tons/Year Tons/Year Rate Newspaper 11% 14,554 2,750 19 Cardboard 22% 29,118 902 3.1 Office paper 7% 9,268 608 6.5 Other paper 9% 11,906 2,906 24.4 Glass 7% 9,268 531 5.7 Plastics 9% 11,906 6 .05 Aluminum 1% 1,324 381 29 Ferrous 6% 7,994 3,585 45.1 Yard waste 7% 9,268 Other 21% 27,794 66 .24 ]DTAL 132,400 2 11,735 8.1 Based on the method used to calculate the County recycling rate: Waste disposed + material recycled = solid waste stream 132,400 + 11,735 = 144,135 and 11,735 x 100 = 8.1% recycling rate 144,135 1 From survey of private recyclers (includes Model Recycling Program materials) 2 Projected from County Landfill August, September, October, November, and December 1989 Weight Reports * Unknown 9 So as to achieve initial recycling goals and set a firm base for future expansion of the program, material section was based on: - Known ease of separation and processing to a quality suitable for marketing, from experience in other communities; - Availability of materials processors and markets in Washington County; - Potential cost avoidance in landfilling. Accordingly, materials targeted for diversion and recycling are old newspapers, aluminum and bi-metal cans, clear glass, PET and HDPE plastic bottles, as well as leaves and yard waste, office paper, old corrugated cardboard, and tires. An additional material that may be recycled subject to market development and recycling experience is steel cans. Paper materials amount to about 40% of the waste stream, aluminum 1%, clear glass about 5%, recyclable plastic 5%, and yard waste about 6% for a total of 57%. Assuming a County -wide 40% voluntary rate, this would equal a waste stream reduction of about 32,800 tons a year in 1994, equivalent to a 22% recycling rate. Newspaper, clear glass, HDPE plastic, and aluminum and bi-metal cans will be collected by a combination of roadside collection from households in the higher density urban, suburban, and town areas of the County, and drop- off facilities at green boxes and other suitable locations in the rural areas. Leaves and Yard Waste Collection and composting of leaves and yard waste will be based at first on improvement of existing leaf collection programs in Hagerstown. Locating and permitting a suitable site will be the next step in developing a centralized leaf collection and composting program for the County. Office Paper Office paper collection in County offices commenced in December 1989. The program will be used to analyze collection mechanics, amounts collected and employee education and information. Programs will be expanded to businesses and industry by means of information and technical assistance provided by the County and other public agencies. Collection will be left up to the public or private firm to arrange with waste haulers who provide this service. 10 Cardboard Old cardboard containers (OCC) are often the largest paper category in commercial waste and can account for 20% or more of the waste stream in Washington County. Market forces and potential user fee savings are expected to provide incentive for businesses and industry to begin recycling OCC. Collection will be left up to the companies to arrange with haulers who provide this service. Technical assistance and information will be provided by the County and other public agencies to encourage and increase cardboard recycling. WhitQ C4-rAF White goods and most scrap metal is salvaged at the County landfill and set aside for later compaction and removal by a private company. This area is also used by the general public for deposit of white goods. After removal, material is taken to the company's plant where it is processed and sold. Ti. res Tires are diverted at the landfill to a holding and drop-off area, then removed and recycled by a private company. Tire recycling and markets will be addressed in detail by the Four County Solid Waste Disposal Study. 11 The most important, sensitive, and costly issue in developing a recycling program is the collection system for the recyclable materials. It is particularly difficult to plan a system in Washington County, due to a widely scattered rural population, eight small incorporated municipalities, the City of Hagerstown, various industries and several large public institutions. Collection options listed and discussed in the Recycling Plan Outline previously submitted in July 1989 were: 1. Drop-off centers 2. Buy back centers 3. Curbside collection 4. Commercial and institutional recycling 5. Disposal site recovery Based on waste stream evaluation, search of the literature, general experience elsewhere and recommendations of the Recycling Advisory Committee, these collection programs were ranked as having high, medium, or low priority for Washington County (Table 8). Leaf and yard waste collection was also added to these options. Judged to have a high priority were: Drop-off centers Curbside collection Leaf and yard waste collection for composting Judged to have a medium priority were: Commercial and institutional waste recycling Disposal site recovery Judged to have a low priority were: Material buyback centers 12 Table 8 Option Evaluation and Ranking for Washington County Recycling Plan Recycling Option High Priority Curbside recycling collection Drop-off centers Leaf and yard waste composting Medium Priority Criteria Waste Diversion Net Cost Implementation High High Moderate Medium Low Easy Medium Medium Moderate Commercial and institutional waste recycling Medium Medium Difficult Disposal site recovery Low Low Easy Low Priority Material buyback centers Low Low Difficult Because the medium priority programs are currently being provided in Washington County, they would likely have less of an initial impact on the waste stream than other listed options. Also, since several recycling firms now profitably serve commercial businesses, direct County involvement could be viewed as competition with the private sector. County involvement in material buyback centers was judged to be a low priority since they are adequately provided by the private sector. High priority recycling options centered around the collection of residential generated recyclable materials. This option will be developed around a combination of roadside and drop-off programs that will initially collect clear glass, aluminium cans, plastic bottles, and newspapers. Roadside Collection Systems Roadside collection of recyclables should take place once a week using a system to be determined according to the Request For Proposal (RFP) process. This should provide clean, high quality material that may be taken to recycling businesses in the County for processing and marketing. The roadside collection area should ultimately include Hagerstown, Williamsport and the surrounding suburban area with a population of 73,500 people or approximately 60% of the total County population. Assuming 2.65 persons per household, 27,735 households would be served by roadside collection service. Based on collection data from the Model Recycling Program, assuming 50% participation with voluntary recycling, about 3,297 tons of recyclable materials would be diverted from the waste stream. 13 The Program should begin in the Halfway area with 4,000 households. This area was recommended by the Recycling Advisory Committee because of its relatively high residential density and close proximity to the existing Model Recycling Program. As the collection areas expand by additional contracts and if an intermediate processing facility is constructed, materials will likely be co -mingled, collected and sorted at the roadside into two compartments on a truck: one for newspaper and the other for co -mingled glass, aluminum and plastic containers. Since Washington County and the municipalities rely completely on the private sector for waste collection services, collection of recyclables for reasons of economics will continue to be by private contractors. Private contractors will be selected via the County's sealed bid process. Collection service areas will be defined and established, and collection contracts awarded for each area. This is consistent with Plan goals of encouraging a primary role for private enterprise. Source Separation Experience in recycling programs elsewhere has shown that programs most convenient for the homeowner have the highest participation and diversion rates. Household separated materials are being collected in the County Model Recycling Program from 229 homes. However, experience elsewhere has shown that co -mingled collection is often most convenient and flexible. This method allows the option of roadside sorting as well as collecting additional materials without adding an additional bin to a truck and without the expense of additional containers for residents. Drop-off Centers An objective of the drop-off program will be to start with a small scale operation to ensure success and then to build on that success during expansion. Drop-off containers will be provided at the County landfill, green box locations, and the municipalities. They will be provided and serviced by a private contractor. Drop-off centers will accept clear glass, aluminum and bi-metal cans, plastic bottles, and newspapers. Centers located at the landfill and green boxes will also accept waste oil. These sites may eventually collect corrugated cardboard, white goods and yard waste. To assist the small towns, the County will make available compartmentalized drop-off facilities. The containers will be serviced under contract to the County and located at a suitable, secure site in each town. Sponsorship and supervision by willing civic or service organizations will be explored as an alternative to County contracting as the drop-off program expands. To assist in full-scale program design, a model program has been established making the County's recycling trailer available to several cooperating towns. Based on collection data from the Model Recycling Program, assuming 25% participation from 18,490 households outside the Hagerstown/Williamsport suburban area, about 1,083 tons of recyclable materials would be diverted from the waste stream. 14 Yard Waste Collection The Plan assumes a yard waste flow of 10,000 tons a year in 1994. Assuming a 60% diversion rate can be accomplished with 1,000 tons removed by household composting, about 5,000 tons of material will be available for collection and composting. Once a central composting site is identified, private haulers and the public will be encouraged to dump material for composting at no cost or a lower cost per vehicle than landfilling. City street tree leaf collection will continue. Collection of grass clippings during the spring and summer may be evaluated with a model program using degradable paper bags. Commercial and Institutional Collection Commercial establishments will make arrangements with waste haulers to pick up and deliver their recyclables to material processing businesses in the community. County involvement in this area will consist of providing information and technical assistance to facilitate recycling. Items initially targeted for recycling will be office paper and old corrugated cardboard. Institutions such as hospitals, schools, retirement homes and others will be encouraged to begin recycling programs by means of the County setting an example and providing information and technical assistance. Likely materials for this effort will include office paper, cardboard, plasticware and glass containers. Suitable collection will be arranged through private waste haulers. Source Reduction County recycling education goals include reducing the amount of waste generated by residents. Various methods such as leaflets, workshops and newsletters will explain how to reduce solid waste generation. Specific information on "sensible shopping" and backyard composting will be developed. 15 Local recycling businesses will receive source separated materials from the drop-off program and the initial phases of the roadside collection program. These businesses will perform any necessary additional separating and then process, store and market the materials. Glass bottles and jars, plastic containers and aluminum cans will be received for final processing. Color sorted glass will be crushed, stored and delivered to end users. HDPE and PET plastic containers will be separated, baled and stored by local companies before delivery to end users outside the County. Aluminum cans will be baled and stored until a truck load has accumulated and then delivered to an out -of -County end user. Newspapers will be received in bundles, stored until a truck load has accumulated and then forwarded to local end users. Cardboard will be received directly by a local end user industry, while office paper will be taken by a local company for processing, baling and marketing. Intermediate Separation As the volume of materials collected from expanded drop-off and roadside collection programs increases, an intermediate separation facility will be constructed. The enclosed building will house a conveyor system and 4 or 5 employees to hand sort co -mingled glass, plastic and aluminum containers. Sorted materials will again be sold to local recycling companies for processing to market specifications. The facility has been proposed to be located at the County landfill and erected and operated under contract. The ultimate location should provide maximum operating flexibility and minimize travel time to population centers and material processing facilities. The facility arrangement should be designed to have three operation areas of receiving, sorting along a conveyor, and loading and dispatch. It should allow for phased expansion of the sorting area to accommodate additional waste stream materials such as steel cans as markets develop. Minimum equipment for the type of proposed separation could include a receiving pit, conveyor system with picking stations alongside, a magnetic separator, and a suitable number of boxes or bins to hold and transport sorted materials. The ultimate design will rely on the RFP process and contractual arrangements with the private sector. Corrugated Cardboard and Office Paper Collection and processing of old corrugated cardboard (OCC) will rely on market forces and private sector initiative. The local large OCC end user will soon provide a ready market for clean segregated OCC loads from businesses and commercial operations. Prior processing may be limited to simple compaction to minimize transportation cost to the local plant. 16 Composting Funds for composting equipment have been requested for FY 1992 in the Capital Improvements Program. Locating a suitable site for centralized composting of yard wastes and leaves is underway. Hagerstown Junior College staff have proposed a two acre site for a demonstration composting facility as an adjunct to the Horticultural curriculum. A fenced site will be developed for composting material dropped off by citizens and delivered by commercial haulers. A front end loader to build windrows and a screening machine to remove debris from compost will increase its market value by providing an intermediate level of processing. Wilson Ruritan Club and the Smithsburg Lions Club have also stated an interest in providing composting services in their local areas. Assuming 5,000 tons of leaves and yard waste delivered each year and a 50% reduction in mass by composting, 2,500 tons or approximately 14,160 cubic yards of compost would be produced each year in Washington County. Materials The condition of materials selected for recovery will depend on available markets at local companies and the economics of upgrading the materials for end users. Materials and their condition for delivery to local recycling companies are: Cardboard - compacted and loose Newspaper - bundled and loose Glass - Color separated PET and HDPE Plastic - Separated by type Aluminum cans - Separated, flattened Bi-metal cans - Separated, flattened 17 It cannot be emphasized too often that selection, collection and processing of recoverable materials is not recycling. Whether it is glass jars, aluminum cans, corrugated cardboard, or plastic bottles, recycling is accomplished only when materials are marketed and sold to an end user. The success or failure of a recycling program depends on the availability or establishment of markets to use the collected materials. A large increase in recovered materials is expected once recycling programs take effect in Maryland and in neighboring states. State level marketing assistance will be essential to provide Washington County and the other smaller counties with leverage and equal access to end user markets that purchase these materials. Materials Quantities of recovered materials projected to be available in 1994 are shown in Table 9 which assumes a voluntary roadside program and in Table 10 which reflects a mandatory curbside program. Under the voluntary scenario, excluding leaves and yard waste, a minimum of 4,395 tons of newspaper, glass, plastic, and aluminum recyclables will require marketing. With the mandatory scenario, excluding leaves and yard waste, a minimum of 6,706 tons of recovered materials will require marketing. In addition to the quantities of recovered materials from public recycling programs, commercial and business recycling of paper products and composting of leaves and yard waste will contribute significantly to the overall recycling rate. 18 Table 9 Estimated Materials from Voluntary Recycling Program - 1994 (Tons/Year) Household Commercial Collectioln Drop-off2 Recycling Recycling3 Material Program Program Programs Programs Newspaper 2,479 826 3,305 Glass 694 231 925 Plastic 79 26 105 Aluminum 45 15 _ 60 Sub -Total ................................. 4,395 Yardwaste, Leaves 5,000 Corrugated 16,000 Office Paper 5,000 Total ... ............................... 9,395 21,000 1. Estimate based on Model Recycling Program collection data, and assumes 50% participation from 27,735 households in the City and County. 2. Estimate based on 25% participation from 18,490 households outside the curbside collection area. 3. Estimate assumes 50% recovery due to available local processors and/or end users. 19 Table 10 Estimated Materials From Mandatory Recycling Program - 1994 (Tons/Year) Public Commercial Collection Drop-off2 Recycling Recycling Material Program Program Programs Programs Newspaper 4,215 827 5,042 Glass 1,181 231 1,412 Plastic 134 26 160 Aluminum 76 15 91 Sub -Total ................................ 6,705 Yardwaste, Leaves 5,000 Corrugated 16,000 Office paper 5,000 Totals.........�......................... 11,705 Tons 21,000 Tons 1. Estimate based on Model Recycling Program collection data, and assumes an 85% participation rate from 27,735 households with mandatory curbside collection. 2. Estimate based on 25% participation from 18,490 households outside curbside collection area. 3. Estimate assumes a 50% recovery rate due to available local processors and/or end users. 20 Local Markets The County intends to utilize to the maximum extent possible private sector recycling processors and marketers in Washington County. These are listed in Table 11. The County will rely on private sector expertise in dealing with commodities markets. Private sector initiative will be encouraged through the County's Request for Proposal and bid process. Table 11 Dealers and Processors of Washington County - Recycled Materials Co any Materials Handled Paper Metal Plastic Glass Conservit, Inc. OCC Al Cans PET, HDPE Color - Hagerstown WYi Goods Sorted Hagerstown Recycling Co., HI, Al Cans Color - Hagerstown OCC Wh Goods Sorted Maryland Metals, Al Cans Hagerstown Wh Goods Suburban Insulation' ONP Hagerstown Tristate Recycling Al Cans Hancock Scrap U. S. Recycling OCC, Hagerstown OP Maryland Paper Company2 OCC, Williamsport ONP Abbreviations: Paper - ONP (Old newspapers); OCC (Old corrugated containers); OP (Office paper); HI (Highgrade Paper) Metal - Al Cans (Aluminum Cans); W41 Goods (White Goods) Glass - Color Sorted (Colors kept separate) 1 End User 2 End User; opening mid 1990 21 Market Development Market enhancement in Washington County will take several approaches. The County will investigate procurement preferences and guidelines for paper products and will encourage other public agencies to do the same. A paper products purchase pool will be investigated. This would enable larger amounts of recycled paper products to be purchased at a lower price. The HagerstownA,Iashington County Economic Development Commission will encourage and recruit industries that are end users of recycled materials. 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Am/§k kkk ||§|C||§ || 1--, kE| 22222222 22 sass _4. 22- �2"22I\\ . 2■ $k I }} j 3 35 !2 !! !2E nil��'±�§ ��«tE.. i3 93 �2 . 22■■ a�� 2■ {2 ■■- , ■ | � = !a. .5 /��} If �\ C\ C'$ �- --2 ■q `a -■a 3C.— j \\j }� ...5? = }AtzR a -f }2§SR £3 kk=k§ | 30 ZZ ?ZZ'tZZ �Z2 Y I 4 W u O S m 3i a S ssassszs 000 _ �SSRi ig; ono m m m .O .O e�+l ri �I 2 Iu1uI1 63388fs 0 0 0 OOO OOO N N i iir ' =�.ZZ 3i o=ii �-4 r4 ►i amass-ss�ss 9Q r a � r TwwA =��CiCiC� A C7 1"E xa N - Ii s= uom s is mw a�w 31 [ral! Y�I:i►/��1 ia�l ul�iiy':�11C� VI The days when "out of sight, out of mind" was the solution to managing our solid wastes are drawing rapidly to a close. As described in preceding sections of this Plan, recovery, processing and marketing of recyclable waste stream materials will eventually require behavior and attitude changes by the entire conununity including citizens, businesses and industries. To be most effective, each part of the recycling program must operate in parallel. Markets must be available; processing, storage and shipping facilities must be ready; contractors must be equipped for collection and processing; and home owners, businesses and office employees must know how to do their share by separating materials for collection. Each of these parts must come together at the same time and be sized for the projected amount of each type of recyclable material. Since full scale start-up of the various programs would be difficult as well as inefficient, pilot programs will be started and integrated in phases until all County residents are provided with the opportunity to recycle. Phase I - Pilot Programs Due to the diversity of urban and rural areas and private collection of waste and delivery by individuals, small scale model programs will be used during this Phase to gain experience and operating data. Drop-off centers will be established to provide more opportunities for recycling and to gauge the effectiveness of public education campaigns. Experience will be gained with management, contract procedures, and equipment during the implementation phase. Cooperative agreements with the incorporated towns for drop-off facilities will be pursued. The composting site at H.J.C. will be constructed and ready in the fall for citizen drop-off and limited City of Hagerstown and private hauler delivery. Expanded roadside collection of separated recyclables in the Halfway area will begin with collected materials taken to private recycling companies for processing and marketing. Phase II - Programs Expansion As awareness and experience increase, additional neighborhoods will be contracted for roadside collection. The separation facility will be designed, and a contract let for construction. Civic and service organizations and churches will be encouraged to sponsor drop-off facilities for recyclables. Yard wastes and leaves will be targeted for diversion by contract collection or drop-off by individuals. Additional composting sites sponsored by service organizations will be established. The office paper collection program will be expanded to other public agencies such as the Board of Education. 32 Phase III - Full Scale Expansion The third phase of the recycling program will consist of County wide expansion of recycling opportunities through drop-off and roadside collection of recyclables and full scale leaf and yard waste composting. The separation facility will be constructed. Program evaluation will continue through all phases of the recycling effort as well as continued public information as to the benefits and reasons for recycling. Full support of the education and information components of the program in this and all other phases will be essential to program success. Phase IV - Full Scale Operation As the recycling program reaches full scale operations, problems and difficulties will be subject to continuing review and solution. As in previous phases, the public information and education will be essential in assuring continued support for the program. Establishing more opportunities for recycling, such as at multi -family buildings, will be investigated. Further waste stream reduction through combustion will be evaluated. Schedule The following schedule is proposed. As programs are started, this schedule will be continuously revised and refined to insure consistency with Plan goals and objectives. Phase 0 - Planning, Investigation and Implementation (August 1989 through June 1990) * 1. Select items for collection and recycling * 2. Begin small scale roadside collection program * 3. Establish Solid Waste Citizens Advisory Committee * 4. Research, write, adopt Draft Recycling Plan with Advisory Committees assistance 5. Establish funding source for recycling programs * 6. Request participation of Town(s) in model drop-off program * 7. Advertise and hire full-time Recycling Program Coordinator 8. Advertise and hire full-time Education, Information Coordinator 9. Plan and implement information and education program *10. Prepare preliminary capital and operating budget 33 11. Assist as required with budget and grant request for composting facility at H.J.C. *12. Develop Request for Proposals for drop-off collection. 13. Develop Request for Proposals for roadside collection service. 14. Develop data collection method for private sector recycling 15. Develop a plan for recycled paper purchase pool by public agencies * To date, these items have been accomplished Phase I Pilot Collection Programs - July 1990 to June 1991 1. Bid and phase in drop-off centers at landfill and green box locations 2. Bid and phase in drop-off program at Towns 3. Operate leaf collection and composting demonstration in fall at H.J.C. site. 4. Implement data collection method from private and public sector 5. Research and develop needed recycling ordinances and legislation 6. Establish and implement joint pool purchasing of recycled paper goods by public agencies 7. Plan for equipment requirements for subsequent phases 8. Continue education program and plan school program 9. Prepare contract and bid out Halfway multi -material collection service 10. Expand office paper collection program at public agencies Phase II Programs Expansion - July 1991 to June 1992 1. Advertise contract, bid and begin multi -material collection in additional areas 2. Design and contract for separation facility 3. Hold hearings and adopt needed recycling legislation and ordinances 4. Expand leaf and yard waste collection by contracts 5. Establish satellite composting sites with aid of civic, service organizations 34 6. Establish additional recyclable material drop-off sites sponsored by civic and service organizations and churches 7. Continue education program and implement school program 8. Continue expansion of office paper collection at public agencies and Board of Education 9. Collect data on recyclables from public and private sector, and prepare Annual Report on percent of waste stream recycled Phase III Full Scale Expansion - July 1992 to June 1993 1. Establish full-scale leaf collection, yard waste collection and composting at H.J.C. and satellite sites with marketing program 2. Construct multi -material separation/processing facility 3. Expansion of multi -material collection service areas by contract to cover Hagerstown and suburban area 4. Plan for multi -family buildings collection program 5. Continue public information and education program 6. Continue data collection and analysis 7. Study data as to benefits of regional recycling and waste -to -energy facilities 8. Coordinate Federal and State agency recycling data collection for County totals Phase IV Full Scale Operation - July 1993 to June 1994 1. Begin multi -family multi -material collection 2. Continue education program 3. Continue data collection and analysis 4. Plan for separation facility expansion as required 35 CA C' 4- ka J-1 �"9 M Q [c7 O a P4 C/7 ti C7 .'.... to £ 4-7 RI � S 031 C a1 O .C U A. 'd V C O U 1 C7 U aC H a1 1 V V 07 D. ! i 4.)i � V U ( 0 U U C M 'O M L N v t w lI 1 I I A3 07 J3 - CI rl y 6L1 +a C.) a .° V H t • m 0 O CJ r-1 L .i O 7• .1 O .i e0 Q3 O Oy u A..V 0 = 1 ►7 L' O C .-4 97 J O a C O C O y v 0 - >. N � x o gi u7 d7 414 H 'H -I 07 m 1 114 C —4 ro L O Cz t tV ?a N W c.. R. at C - st * O U (33 V U D L -4 11 ri 0 O f 3 vI Education and promotion are needed to encourage the citizens of Washington County to participate in the recycling efforts necessary to meet the mandated 15% recycling goal by 1994. The aim and purpose of the educational and promotional efforts in this recycling plan are to change attitudes and behaviors towards the handling of waste by households, businesses, industries and the public sector so that recycling and non - littering become routine. Through the educational and promotional efforts a wide variety of individuals in Washington County will be reached regularly and systematically on recycling issues. The educational and promotional activities are designed to give the following messages concerning recycling: (1) reasons for the recycling program, (2) mandatory requirements, by law, for recycling, (3) how the recycling efforts operate and what is being collected, (4) information about material quality requirements and reasons for sorting, (5) benefits of the recycling efforts. These efforts will require a full time position to develop, coordinate and organize all educational and promotional activities in the recycling plan. The recommendation for funding education and promotion, for a County population of approximately 120,500 residents, is $.50 to $1.00/resident yearly. Target Audiences Communities throughout Washington County Members of service and/or professional organizations Homeowners and Condo owners Apartment dwellers Apartment managers and/or superintendents Youth - through public and private schools Youth organizations Churches Consumers - grocery stores, malls, etc. Employees - local businesses Senior Citizens - Senior Centers and Seniors organizations Visitors and tourists in Washington County Other audiences as identified 37 Promotional Activities To include, but not limited to, the following: Theme/logo contest Develop exhibit for mall, fairs, etc. Awards and recognition of recyclers Earth Day activity (environmental and recycling concerns) Recycling Week Reminder flyers (use recycled paper) Arbor Day activity (environmental and recycling concerns) Seasonal recycling events - phone books, Christmas trees, Amnesty Day, Household Hazardous Waste, Yard debris, etc. Printed Promotional Items 1. Bumper stickers 2. Book marks 3. Aluminum can tester - magnet 4. Pins, buttons 5. Pens and/or pencils 6. Book covers 7. Sticker and/or decal 8. Door hangers - distributed by scouts, 4-H clubs, other youth organizations in neighborhoods and communities throughout County 9. T-shirts with logo Public Awareness Campaign Educational Activities To include, but not limited to, the following: Speakers Bureau Earth Day Activity Recycling Week Newsletter - increasing frequency (use recycled paper) Insert for utility bills (use recycled paper) Brochures on recycling (simple; 1 item per brochure) Adhesive backed how-to sheet for use with collection bins in targeted roadside program community Public Information meetings Reminder flyers for recycling Hotline number for recycling information Grants for teachers to develop recycling unit How-to Teach Packets Precycle Public Information Campaign Recycling Forum Public Awareness Campaign (90-120 Days Prior to Start-up) - Media articles (radio, TV and newspaper) on County Recycling Plan, Maryland law and where recycling program starts in Washington County. - Advertising campaign for businesses, groups, etc. that already recycle - success stories. - Contact youth groups to help with recycling week, etc. - Theme/logo contest - target schools and general public with ads. Ongoing Efforts Newsletter to targeted County residents on recycling. 1. Begin with 2 issues/year. Develop theme for each issue, i.e. public awareness of program; unique kinds of recycling, local markets, statistics, etc. 2. Increase to once/quarter. Brochures, letters from public officials mailed to each household. Newspaper ad. (Public service). County Commuter Bus Placards and Taxicabs. Provide information to utility companies to include with periodic billings. Packet of information on recycling programs and promotional material to give out to new residents (new home buyers, realtors, businesses for new employees, etc.). Reminder leaflets in tax bills. (Use recycled paper) Recycling Forum Representatives of communities and municipalities within Washington County, student representatives from all area high schools, interested community organizations, teachers, etc. will be invited to share success stories, ideas that work, and new and updated information as appropriate. M Recycling Week Plan The first week of the Recycling Program will be proclaimed "Recycling Week" and made an annual event. The following events have been proposed to be held during the week. 1. Press conference 2. County proclamation 3. TV coverage of highlighted events throughout week 4. Public service ads 5. Recognition of participants prior to instituted recycling program 6. Honor school with highest per capita recycling totals at end of school year 7. Announce theme - logo contest winner 8. Promotional items - buttons, bumper stickers, T-shirts, etc., available with logo 9. Recycling information programs in schools 10. Sponsor events, i.e., Suns game, etc., that requires 1 bag of aluminum cans, glass bottles, or bundle of newspapers for admission. 11. Garbage Gala - dinner, using recycled decorations, for public awareness. Celebrate opening of recycling centers, recycling week, etc. Appropriate events will be scheduled based on available staff, resources, and the target audience. Public Information Meetings 1. Conduct in communities and/or locations throughout the County. The first information meeting to be held in the pilot community. 2. Information about different options for collection/recycling i.e., roadside and drop-off collection sites, landfill collection, yard waste, etc. 3. Audio visual presentation on project detailing environmental preservation and energy conservation benefits of recycling and encouraging do-it-yourself recycling for rural areas. Communicate economic benefits of recycling, ie. "value of recyclable waste". 4. How will money received go back into the program? 40 How To Teach Packets Ideas for use in classroom: 1. Discussion 2. Field trips 3. Games 4. Items that can be made from recyclables 5. Puppet shows 6. Audiovisual presentation 7. Other ideas, as appropriate Waste reduction will be a component of the County's education and information efforts. Concepts appropriate to Washington County will be selected from the list below. 'Precycle' Public Information Campaign Help solve landfill and environmental problems Making sound purchasing decisions at the store - reduce waste before you buy Source separation Select products carefully Be picky about packaging Overcome over -packaging Discourage polystyrene foam Avoid disposables Buy in bulk Express buying preferences Reuse things Repair things Compost Teach children to precycle Campaign utilizes - advertisements, posters, educational/ informative displays for public education purposes 41 Time Line for Implementation of Recycling Education/Promotion Activities First Year FY'91 (July 1, 1990 through June 30, 1991) Theme/logo contest Exhibit for use at fairs (Pig Expo, Hagerstown Fair, August 1990), malls, library, Science and Engineering Fair, etc. Seasonal Recycling Programs 1. Yard debris 2. Christmas trees Annual Recycling Week Promotional Items 1. Aluminum can tester -magnet (Recycling Week) 2. Pins, buttons (July) 3. Door hangers - (Pilot Community in July) 4. Stickers, decals, bumper stickers (August for Exhibits) 5. Book covers (September) 6. Pensand/or pencils (November, American Education Week) 7. Book markers (January 1991) Public Awareness Campaign Speakers Bureau Reminder flyers - beginning in January or February 1990 (approximately 3 to 4 months apart, thereafter) Grants for teachers to develop recycling units for school system 1. How -to -Teach packets 2. Audiovisual program 3. Other ideas, as appropriate Brochures on recycling - available for public information programs, exhibits and communities where recycling has been instituted. Hotline number for recycling information (available now) Public Information Meetings - Beginning in pilot community and then moving throughout the County as other communities are brought into recycling program. 42 Second Year FY'92 (July 1, 1991 through June 30, 1992) Awards and recognition of outstanding recyclers (annual) Earth Day Activity (annual County event) Seasonal Recycling 1. Phone books 2. Continuation of seasonal recycling campaigns instituted during first year Promotional Items Continuation of promotional items throughout year T-shirts with theme/logo Precycle Public Information Campaign Inserts in utility bills (recycling reminders) Newsletter - beginning January 1992, 2 issues in FY'92 Recycling Forum Third Year FY'93 (July 1, 1992 through June 30, 1993) Continuation of successful promotional ideas Arbor Day Activity (annual County event) Seasonal Recycling Event 1. Possible amnesty program for Hazardous Household Products 2. Continuation of programs instituted during FY'91 and FY'92 Increase frequency of newsletter to quarterly Recycling Forum Continuation of annual events Fourth Year FY'94 (July 1, 1993 through June 30, 1994) Continuation of successful promotional ideas Recycling Forum Continuation of seasonal recycling events Continuation of annual events 43 LANDFILL DISPOSAL COSTS Depending on disposal costs, recycling can have cost avoidance benefits as well as conserving resources and preserving the environment. For comparison purposes, County landfill disposal costs for the next four years have been estimated below. Capital costs include the expenses associated with the final lined cell at the County landfill and purchase and depreciation of equipment necessary to operate the landfill. Costs of new landfill acquisition, development, access roads, and liners are not included. Operating costs include the operating budget, costs of administrative support from other County departments, and interest costs for future land purchases. Costs are based on data supplied by the County Landfill Director and Finance Director. Landfill Cost Analysis Estimated Operating Costs Estimated Capital Costs Estimated Total Costs Estimated Tons/Year Estimated Cost/Ton FUNDING FOR RECYCLING 90-91 $ 1,816,000 $ 2,698,700 $ 4,514,700 168,300 $ 27 91-92 $ 2,377,100 $ 3,659,200 $ 6,036,300 92-93 93-94 $ 2,491,800 $ 2,613,300 $ 3,455,700 $ 3,501,700 $ 5,947,500 $ 6,115,000 168,500 169,000 169,000 $ 36 $ 35 $ 36 Funding must be provided to fully implement recycling. By 1994, when the recycling program will be reaching full scale operation, the minimum facilities needed will be a material separation facility, a secure composting site, drop-off facilities, and staff to insure cost effective operation of the various programs. As the overall recycling strategy is phased in, the County may let contracts for servicing drop off units in the more rural areas; contract for roadside collection in various neighborhoods; assist with development of a leaf and yard waste composting site; and provide a site for the construction and operation of a separation center. 44 Some of these needs will be met by use of land or facilities already available to the County, others will be paid for by service fees or general taxes; and some may require issuance of bonds. Experience elsewhere has shown that sale of collected materials can meet some program expenses depending on user fees and market prices so additional funding is necessary. As described in the schedule, the Plan is to be implemented in phases as experience is gained in the various areas of public information, management, data collection and materials markets. Financial requirements for each phase of the Plan are estimated in this chapter and will be coordinated in the final Plan with the County fiscal year budget. Consistent with Plan goals and objectives, the private sector will be contracted to provide as many Plan components as feasible. The design, construction and operation of the separation facility is expected to be provided by the private sector. Waste haulers will be contracted and/or encouraged to provide collection service for recyclables in the Hagerstown/Williamsport urban area. For clarification of the financial implications of various components of the Plan presented in previous sections, estimated costs are outlined in this chapter. These estimates are presented as budgetary guides and should be subject to more detailed cost analysis before incorporation into the budget process. It should be noted that no capital or operating expenses are included for recycling services in Hagerstown or the incorporated towns since each municipality is responsible for its own solid waste management. Also, necessary funding for program management, staffing, and education and promotion efforts are included in the budget amounts that follow. 45 CAPITAL AND PROGRAM COST ESTIMATE: Estimated costs have been developed for programs in the various phases as described below. Phase I - Pilot Collection - Contracting for drop-off units and collection service at landfill and transfer stations - Contracting for Halfway collection service - Purchase of homeowner collection containers Phase II - Program Expansion Program expansion in Phase II will include some portion of Hagerstown and/or Williamsport as additional areas are brought into the program. Phase II will include up to 4000 households in roadside collection, as well as the design of the separation facility. Leaf and yard waste collection will be expanded through contracts. Costs of the following items have been included: - Expanded roadside collection service contracts - Contracting for leaf and yard waste collection - Contract for design of separation facility - Purchase of household collection containers Phase III - Full -Scale Expansion The material separation facility will be constructed to be ready for expansion of collection service areas. Also in this phase, comprehensive yard waste collection service will be provided by contract, and materials collection service contracts will be bid to encompass the Urban Growth Area. Additional costs for Phase III will include at a minimum: - Contracting and construction of separation facility - Contracts for expansion of roadside collection services - Contracts for expanded leaf and yard waste collection - Purchase of more household collection containers 46 ESTIMATED REVENUES AND SAVINGS BY PHASE To project estimated revenues that may be received during each phase of the Plan, quantities of each type of recyclable material are estimated here, and priced at market value. The estimated level of participation and estimated quantities by phase are listed below. This excludes revenues that would accrue to the municipalities from their recycling programs. Estimated Revenues Phase I Collection from 4200 households (50% participation) Drop-off (10% participation) Glass 197T x $ 0.00 = $ 0.00 Aluminum 13T x 500.00 = 6,500.00 Plastic 23T x 0.00 = 0.00 Newspaper 705T x 0.00 = 0.00 Total 938T $ 6,500.00 Phase II Collection from 7900 households (50% participation) Drop-off (15% participation) Glass 337T x $ 0.00 = $ 0.00 Aluminum 22T x 300.00 = 6,600.00 Plastic 39T x 0.00 = 0.00 Newspaper 1,231T x 0.00 = 0.00 Total 1,629T $ 6,600.00 Phase III Collection from 13,800 households (50% participation) Drop-off (25% participation) Glass 577T x $ 0.00 = $ 0.00 Aluminum 37T x 300.00 = 11,100.00 Plastic 65T x 0.00 = 0.00 Newspaper 2,057T x 0.00 = 0.00 Total 2,736T $ 11,100.00 Estimated Landfill Savings: Saving landfill space is one of the major benefits of recycling. Avoided landfilling cost should, therefore, be credited to the program. These savings are also listed by phase based on $10 per ton net landfill cost. * Phase I 938T x $10.00 = $ 9,380.00 Phase II 1,629T x $10.00 = 16,290.00 Phase III 2,736T x $10.00 = 27,360.00 Total 5,303T $ 53,030.00 * Total subsidized landfilling cost of $35.00/ton minus $25.00/ton user fee = net landfilling cost of $10.00/ton 47 CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS Estimated costs in 1990 dollars required by the Recycling Plan for the various phases are listed below. Phase I Costs - Pilot Programs Capital Costs Drop-off Box Rental 13 @ $1,808/year average Household Collection Containers 4,200 @ $5.50 Total Capital Cost = Operating Costs Staffing, Education and Promotion Service Contract - Drop-off Box Pickup 250 "pulls" Service Contract - Halfway curbside Pilot 4,200 homes @ $3.00/month Total Operating Cost = $ 24,000 23,100 $ 47,100 $ 60,600 29,250 151,200 $ 241,050 $ 47,100 $ 241,050 Subtotal Capital and Operating Cost $ 288,150 Contingency @ 10% 28,815 Phase I - Total Estimated Capital and Operating Cost $ 316,965 Phase II Costs - Program Expansion Capital Costs Design of Separation Facility $ 25,000 Additional Household Collection Containers 3,700 @ $5.50 20,350 Phase I Continuance (Drop off rental) 24,000 $ 69,350 Total Phase II Capital Cost = $ 69,350 Operating Costs Staffing, Education and Promotion increase $ 14,600 Contract - Additional Curbside Collection 3,700 homes @ $3.00/month 133,200 Contract - Leaf/yard waste collection Seasonal pickup 8,000 households x $6.00/year 48,000 Phase I Continuance 241,050 $436,850 Total Phase II Operating Cost = $ 436,850 Subtotal Phase II Capital and Operating Cost $ 506,200 Contingency @ 10% 50,620 Phase II - Total Estimated Capital and Operating Cost $ 556,820 Phase III Costs -- Full -Scale Expansion Capital Costs Separation Facility $ 192,300 Additional Household Collection Containers 5,868 @ $5.50 32,274 Phase II Continuance (Drop off rental) 25,000 $ 249,574 Total Phase III Capital Cost $ 249,574 Operating Costs Staffing, Education and Promotion increase $ 31,400 Contract - Additional Curbside Collection 5,868 homes @ $3.00/month 211,248 Contract leaf/yard waste collection Season pickup 5,768 households @ $6.00/year 34,608 Separation Facility Labor 71,600 Phase II Continuance 436,850 $ 785,706 Total Phase III Operating Cost $ 785,706 Total Phase III Capital and Operating Cost $ 1,035,280 50 Phase IV Costs - Full Scale Operation Capital Costs Phase III Continuance (Drop off Rental) $ 26,000 $ 26,000 Total Phase IV Capital Cost Operating Costs Phase III Continuance $ 785,706 Total Phase IV Operating Cost Total Phase IV Capital and Operating Cost 51 $ 26,000 $ 785,706 $ 811,706 Net Capital and Operating Costs The net capital and operating costs represents the amount of County funding estimated to be needed to pay for the recycling program as it is implemented. The difference between revenue from selling recycled materials and avoided landfill costs and the program capital and operating costs are the basis of the estimate. Naturally, any future change in the market value of recycled materials or the landfill user fee will affect funding needs. This could be mitigated by annual contributions to a reserve fund. Necessary County funding by phase is estimated as follows: Phase I - Pilot Programs Estimated Capital and Operating Costs $ 316,965 Total Estimated Revenue and Savings 15,880 Net Capital and Operating Costs $ 301,085 Estimated Cost per Ton $ 317 Phase II -- Program Expansion Estimated Capital and Operating Costs $ 556,820 Total Estimated Revenue and Savings 22,890 Net Capital and Operating Costs $ 533,930 Estimated Cost per Ton $ 32 Phase III - Full -Scale Expansion Estimated Capital and Operating Costs $ 1,035,280 Total Estimated Revenue and Savings 262,000 Net Capital and Operating Costs $ 773,280 Estimated Cost per Ton $ 29 Phase IV - Full -Scale Operation Estimated Capital and Operating Costs $ 811,706 Total Estimated Revenue and Savings 262,000 Net Capital and Operating Costs $ 549,706 Estimated Cost per Ton $ 21 52 The total estimated County cost of implementing the Plan to January, 1994 is $1,883,150. The program would establish a recycling rate of approximately 10.3% inclusive of current private sector participation. The projected rate with an expanded private sector effort is 20.5% upon completion of Phase III. in Phase III above, revenue and savings include landfill cost savings of $10 per ton for 22,478 tons of leaves and yard waste that would be diverted by County collection and composting programs, and approximately 21,000 tons of office paper and old corrugated cardboard diverted and recycled by business and industry. These total $234,780 in savings. Some portion of these savings will begin accruing in Phase I and II during programs start-up. Specific amounts have not been allocated here because of uncertainties that are inherent with pilot programs. Also, it should be noted that while the City of Hagerstown intends and is expected to provide recycling opportunities to its citizens, a specific plan to accomplish this is not yet available. Therefore, while amounts of materials available for marketing previously discussed include Hagertown in the projections, program cost estimates and landfill savings for Hagerstown are not included in the County net capital and operating costs. As City recycling planning proceeds, this data will be provided as it becomes available. Funding The actual level of required funding will not be known until a program is finally adopted by Washington County and Requests for Proposals are drafted and circulated to the private sector. The adopted program will need to balance achievement of State mandated goals with cost effectiveness of methods. Since recycling experience elsewhere has demonstrated that income from recycled materials will seldom meet the total costs of a recycling program, a funding plan must be developed. Funding needs will be met by a combination of State aid, landfill user fees, money from general fund revenue and bond sales. 53