HomeMy WebLinkAboutH_1975_HistoricPerspectives11
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TW study ways pnepa&ed by the Wa6h.ington County Pta.nning Comm,i s s.con - 19 75 .
Wa6h.i aton County Board o County Commizz i.onex6
Martin L. Snook, Ptcaident
Pl. KeUeh Nigh, 111, Vice -Pre ident
Bunton R. Ho 66man
R. Lee Downey
W ieei.am J. Dwyer
Photo Cne"
Thomas Van Dyke
Pau& Stonex Dickey
We6tvi.n. Mary xmd Room
Cnacken BairAett
G en ,6 P oto na htic Sketchbook
o6 the C.i.vit Wait
ContAibuton6 :
Hanning Comm,i &cion
Donae.d R. FAuush, Chaivnan
W,c tt i,am E. Dou ey, Vice -Cha iAman
John C. Henbst
Paue. W. Hobiman
David W. Soweu
Barbara B. Wkitcomb
W. KeUeA Nigh, I11, Fx-064.i,ei.o
A.ean. R. Muss etman, P.eann.i.ng Di eaton, Reis eaneh and Text
Thomas, Van Dyke, A66.u6tant Ptarinen, Photography
Pauea Stonex Dickey, Coven, Re6eanc.h and E&ang
Bonnie Lewiz, Dna6t6woman
John C. Frye, Re6 eaneh Ma teh i atz
Manion L. Snyder, OAganizati.on, fteni.cat
Washington County Fnee Libnany, Re-seaheh matex&,E6
The pnepatati.on of this nepotrt wa,6 ji.naneed in pant thnaugh a Compnehen6.ive
Pt nn ing grant bnom the U. S. Department o6 Hou6.i,ng and Urban Deve.eopment
a6 admi.nistened by the Mo ytand Department ob State Ptann ng.
�i�lfa2ical' �e2z�ecli�e�
Ja4A al Wanlenll
Al2aduclian . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . . . . .
(fati(
Jae 7800
JlAe *a2 Xeluween Ilte �lal�e� . . . . . . . . ... . . . 69
J1ie 2014 Wenlu2� .... .. .. .. .. %'5
r �
'Fite'
e alianal' eyilll`ei o/ i414-gic Jl'ace-I .. . . . 97
Xidoii'c e e al`iQn in lee A'annin� J2ace1d . . .. . .. so . . ... .93
ey:ridolilcal' J?ele2ence #ndex .. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .98
J-Pa2ltade
The punpoa e o f thins .study o6 Hi6ton ica l Pehapectiveb o f W" Kington County i.6 to
pnov.ide a senze of diAecti.on and continuity ty .i,n. ptann,ing our 4utune growth and development.
It .ins not intended as a complete h.i,stony, but as a guide to identify and undeUtand the
phy,s ical and cuttunat .in6na6tnuctu&e on which this community hail grown, pnaspeAed, and ne-
ta.ined much of it's especial beauty and choAacteA.
Ass a background element of the W"h.ington County Compnehens.ive Plan, this study
,6haU be used to give di ection to butane .land use deci6.ion6, tnanspontation aystemb, and
pa4U and open apace. planning in onden to protect and pnes enve thoa e etement6 o6 our phy6.i-
cal and cuttuna e env Ow nment which ane o b gneate6t vatue to Wa6 hington Co unt i.a s .
It .c.6 our hope, in pnesent.ing thi6 etement, that it wiU .c.n6pixe deep beeZinga
ob pmonal attachment and pride .in our .local he&Ltage which can be ne6tected and expnessed
.in our actions . . . today and tomovww.
Jmhoduction
Washington County has ptayed a vct-at uZe .in Amee i.can h,isto>zy. Loca.Z. histo"
n.e jZects in evetry sense the histoAy ob this nation . . . its Settzement, cuZtun.e, phys.i-
c.at development, peop.Ze, coni ictus, and its .industA at ization. In a mictocosm, it details
and exptain6 the bachgnound, not on.Zy ob Washington County, but ob the nation.
The Phys.icat Setting
"A notable jea tune o b the AppO-achi.an mountain system is the gnea t vattey that
extends jum Vermont to Alabama, bounded on e thea side by patcaUet nanges and classed by
the .ZaAgeist niv&u o6 the At,2anti.c zZope .in the united States - the Hudson, the De&twante,
the Susquehanna, the Potomac and the James. The section between the Susquehanna and the
Potomac is ca.ZZed the CumbeAtand Valley, in which the tangeA pant o6 Washington County is
situated. It is bounded on the south by the Potomac Pi.ve)L; on the east by South Mountain
and Mason and D.ixon'a Line is the notrthecn tim t of its tenn.itony, tenm&wting to the west
at S.ideting Hitt Ctre.ek."
7
"The baz.in o j the Potomac RiveA embAacu the whole o j Wad hington County 6nom
which it6 pAi.ncipa.Q a6jtuant6 ane the Conococheague and Antietam."
Pn i.on To Set Zement
Washington County, bebone 1739, wa3 the home of the De.eawane and Catawba Indians.
Most accounts ob Native AmeAican tocat hZ6tony ane .steeped in .legend and very .incomplete.
We ane telt today with onty a sketetat.semb.eance o� Indian cuZtune in the name3 of natmae
Jeatutez, atcheotog.icat 6i.nd6 and possibly some tnanspontation noutez.
The Hagenetown VaUey must have been vi g.i.n oak-h.iehony jonattand, verdant with
abundant 6"h and w,i eciU je and c&y6taQ. ceean ki.veu and dtneams . The Potomac and .c tis tkibu-
twLieb played an .cmpoA ant note in terms o6 both Good and twmpontation. In 6aet, moat o6
the Indian cu,Pttu&e. aneheotog.ccat 6.i.nd6 which have been uncovete.d ane geognaph.ica ty cP.osety
a3,sociated with the kivetus and c eek�s. It can be assumed that the ti,ves and ti.veQ,i,hood6 of
the Catawbas and the DeUvan.es tevotved around the "Antietam", the "Conococheague" and the
"Potomac". Foot tAzLU,, AotPtowed the kivelu, and cheek,, and lead to productive bpnings and
2
fr i.ch hunting gtound6 . Indian tAaaU-6 tlrave,�z ed the c)ceeU in p aces e" iat to botd
and mort cehta in,Ey have .inituenced tAanz pontation touters o b the b.i�vst white z etttefus .in the area.
Indian. habitat6 .inctuded the many ca.vez .in the banks ob the Potomac. Indian zettt-ements existed
neat the vitta.ge ob Antietam at the eoniZuence ob Antietam with the Potomac and other atea6
neat the Potomac Rivex.
"Ju.6t a Jew yeatus bebote the targe .land gtantb were made to those coming to the vaP,P.ey,
the DePawane Indians gained eontut ob the area, ousting the Catawba.6. TW angered the Catawba -5,
who had seen their prime hunting ing and bis lying area invaded." 2
At the mouth, ob the Antietam the Catawbaa were attacked and debeated, Zeay.ing the .Pend
in eontAot o b the Detawanez . . . but, on ey bot a shont peh iod.
The -iniZu.enee ob white setttement on native AmeAi,cans wa6 the same here ass etsewhene.
The Indians were the stewands ob the t2an.d, they did not know of underustand the concept ob pAivate
owneluship ob .Pond. Large tand gtantis were made to the Gehman, Scotch and Engt inch, who thave�used
the mountains .in the Vers wand Movement" to maize a new tibe. The gtant6 depleted mote and mate
2 Drums Ato ng the Antietam
3
the ni.ch hunting and Jishing gnound3 of the Det wanes and eventua Zy nesu.eted .in the it move-
ment to uvusettted tetcnitony. "Schtatter, wAiting os the Conococh.eague teg-i,on .in 1749, .5ayd:
'In this neighboAhood there ane ztc.P,e. many Ind.i.a.nz, who ane weU di6po4ed and very obtig.ing
and ane not dus.ince fined toward the Chnistia when they ane not made drunk by dtnong drink. "3
Sub,sequentty, the Ind.i,avus, through thein association with the F,%ench, tetvwnized new ze ttetu.5
on the "bnonti.eA" o6 the CoZon%et6 ob Maxyeaand and adjacent Vitg.inia.
In the midzt o J the French and Indian Glare, it wad the Cherokees who appeared at
the gates of Font FtedeA ck and fought along with the m-c.Q,%ti,a and aetttetvs who had gained
uJuge at the Font to deje.at the hostite De&wanets . 4
3 Hi6toAy oJ Leiteubmg Dizttc ict, Introduction
4 Fant Fnedetick, Gla�Sh�,ngton County, Manytand 1756
4
v
w
F •., y F `
ea,il(y yealeme"I
1650 - 7750
The upper Potomac wa6 exp.Zoned eatty in the h,ivstony o b Manyeand, but neaAt y
a cent Acy etap6ed abten the bounding ob St. Many'6 bebone the pnezent tetvEitony ob wa6h-
cngton County wa-s bonmaUy opened to 6etttement. �
"It wa6 on Manch 25, 1634, that MaAyZand'6 bit cotonizt6 .eanded on St.
Uement6 1,stand in the Potomac Ri,veA obb the St. Many'6 County shone. Soon abten, th.e6e
Bngt.izh set teAz estabtished the 6iut pehmanent 6ettZement at St. Marc.y'6 City.
The ban -,sighted poticia ob the coZony'6 6oundeA, Cecit Catvejct, 6econd Lond
Batti.mone, gave the venture an a.u6pic iou6 beginning and undoubte.dty in6tuenced .eaten 6et-
tteu. Peace6u2 netation6 weAe atabtished with the Indians, and ban a number ob yeaAz
the of d and new cuZtuAe�s existed in c Zo s e pro xtin%ty .
AMough Many&n.d was intended to be a haven ban Roman Cathoti.c.6, it became
a nebuge bon otheu, a6 weZe, who were peuecuted ban neZig.c.ou6 on potiticat pelu6ua6ion6.
1=ewet than ane-haeb ob the gut cotoni�st6 were Roman Cathoti.cz. In the peni.od bnom 1649
to 1661 many PuAitan6, Quakeu and membelus ob 6ma°den 6ect6 6ubbehi.ng neZigiows percesecu-
tion were wetcomed into Manyeand." *
*H.ustoA caZ Atio-6 ob Manyta.nd, Manyta.nd Department ob State PZanu,ng
5
The ea,tey years o J the eighteenth eentuAy witnessed the a xivat o J s etttens
6,tom Bng.ea.nd, I,te.ea d and ScotP-and. As the enti e coastat neg.ion became settP.ed, coton-
i6t6, inceuding descendents ob the 6.uu6t fii.dewate,t settZeA.s began tooFii.ng west to the
Piedmont Jot oppontuncties. At the same time, a new wave ob pioneeaz of German stock
and Scotch-lA sh ente,ted Matgjtand's �3eAtite eentAat and we,6te,tn vaUeus fi,tom eentuv- Penwatvania.
"The Gvunans we,te so noted 6o,t theiA rj,tudent agn,i.euPtu,tat huhband,tu, that they weAe oA�e,ted
cons.i.deAabte .inducements to settte in the State. Many towns ob centtat Ma,tytand and Wash-
ington County sti,2X show signs o 6 those ea,t2y s ettten s . " 1
Va ious hi-6toxicat accounts diJJe,t in estabt%shing where and when the Jit
sett-tement of Washington County oeeuAAed. It appeax6 that expto,tation of the weste,tn
,teaches o f the state was via the cut o f the Potomac at wevWon and Hah peAs FeAAy . . .
"th.i,s gap though the BZu.e Ridge became the ewLtie6t tho,toughiane o6 expto,teu and
ttappelus." 2 By 1733 a grading post was ope,tating .in the vicinity and Jmi.es we,te ope,t-
ating on both the Potomac and the Shenandoah. "A Jew setteeu cAossed South Mountain .in
the 1720's and 1730'x. Is,taet FAiend was mining .ikon o,te on both sides ob the Potomac .in
the 1720's and a Jew settteu we,te Janming along Antietam C,teek in the eanty 1730'x." 3
1 Man.ytand H.v6to&icae Was, Man yZand Depax;tnent o J State Ptann ing
2 H.usto,ty Atong the Trait, Potomac Appaia.ch i.an T,tai,2 CZu.b
6 3 Histo,ty Along the Tait
Al
;1,�,, ( '
FaAt y Roads
It was Fngti6h imm.ignation J)tom eaAZy Many&nd setttemert6 to the east which
estabtizhed some o f the &iut )toads to c&oss South Mountain such as the tho)toughba)te at
Campton Gap, white Ge)unan .cmm.ig)tation J)tom the north estabtished the jurst )toad though
the vattey, app)toximatety .in the a ignment o6 the p)tesent Witti.amspont-G)teencast,Le Pike.
FiAzt Settlements 4
At the con6tuence o6 the Conococheague and the Potomac, a g)toup ob Scotch-lAizh
sett2ens made theiA homes in 1739. Th is Conococheague settlement consi6ted of a block
house, a mitt, a tAad ing post, same .dog hour ens , and was the beginning o � G1ittiams port, Many-
ta.nd. Other scattered settlements began to appear in the vak-ey.
Res ounces
Agticu etu&e was the basin o6 the 6 urst s etttement .in the County. The hands hi ps
encountered .in c e.ealr i.ng the vi g -in 6onestta.n.d .in the vattey, the theat o6 Indian attack
and the very teat t m.itati-ons on tn.anspo&tatiwn and communication must have been o66set by
the abundance o6 natu&at nesounces avac&bte with which to 6onm the "new 6)tontimll
4 H.ustony ob Leitehsbung Di.6tAi.ct
8
The vattey',s abundant timber was instAumentat {sot the suAvivaf- o6 the eaxty
zettleAs, providing them with she tet, bue,t and nume,'ous toots and utevzits. Eanty tax
tecotd6, inventoti" and accounts indicate that Zog-6 were used to buitd neatty a.tt o6 the
ea&Uest dwetZingz. White cu -tune and ethnic conisidetcati.onz ane teitected .in the use o6
.tog as a building matetu.at, its ptacti.caei ty in a wooded envi&onment -vs unquestioned.
Smatt. stnuctutce.6 bui et o � .inte4tock ing .togs could be erected quickly, ptov.id%ng w=n and
.6tuAdy dwett ings .
Log continued .in use as a buitd.ing mateAi.at through the 18th and 19th centuAie�.
Gnaduatty, howeveA, its ptom.inence was 6upeAceded by otheA building mateAiaes . Toward the
end o f the 18th century tocks extAacted Jnom the tdmestone studded vattey 6Zoon began to
be used extens.iveZy bot build.ingA. White Zogz coutd be cut, hewn and aspsemb.ted into a
.stnuct Ae quickly, the use ob stone tequ,iAed a move .lengthy ptocuz ing and building peA od.
The extensive use ob stone bot houses and _banns signated that the atr.ea had achieved enough
stability and ptozpehdty to allow a mote Ze.usute.ty construction ptocas. Most ob Washington
County',s ,stone ztrcuctunes date btom the .gate 18th century through the 6.Ast third o6 the 19th
century. In the 19th centutcy, bricks made atom .tocat clays weAe an impoAta.nt building
mate ri,at. The production o6 bAick which .involved a tathet complex pnocess ne6zected the
buntheA teiinement of the area.
6
fly I,„xt �l_• F�-
t tiF • � ��' ,� f to
+ ti`s R " �`� P"r" +--+' �Y •r. r
- - ..��:�� 1 _ iai'•�/ µ---"k'y - may_ � ..,`"
a-
—. - - - - .. .s..- ._...: �C� ilk ... �*. �1 '�ilERt t-'✓�....�s3 .Ia:� "1�� _ -t �f'.—.
Ob,seAvati,on ob the County',s anchitectune neveafs that there ways a uti.ance on
the atcea's viaiutc.at tuuouxce6, tdmbett, .6tone and c,&y bots bui.tdi.rlg mateAi.atz btu7m the
eatti "t dayd o b z ettf.ement thAough most o b the 19th centutr y.
Ptcoducti,ve spA ng.6 and eneek6 weAe attractions to the eaxty setttetus bort wateA
,supp.ey. Extensive m.iUi.ng opehati.on eventuaUy depended upon the vattey'd cAeeks to tuxn
the m,iU wheel. So.i.0 weAe n.i.ch and pxoduative and y i.e Q.ded wheat, conn, oats and nye.
1 /744 4 (.'hrtintx
A n i,ch .anal . . .
The as ee o b .ean& wat o b South Mountain was jiut authotuized in 1733. The
Pnopni,etaAy ne6enved the Manox ob Conococheague, a tract ob ei'even thousand acA". It
eventu.aUy became paAt ob Ri.nggo.ed',s Mann., the .eaxgest individuat estate in the county,
a tract ob twenty thoutsand ache6. Other ob the taAgut .hand gnant6 in the 1770'.6 botPZow:
11
Name o6 GAant To Whom GAanted Date AcAe6
Contentment
Joaeph Chaptine
1764
1153
Egypt
Rudotph A
1762
1935
FatheA',s Good Witt
John Stone&
1767
1365
Geonge'.6 D,vscove)cy
Georcge Fxench
1764
1387
Ke ty'.s De fight
(U.c,Q.P.i,am Ke ty
1753
1035
Kindness
Dn. ChaA a Cavwtt
1753
3716
Lana6ietd
PeteA John
1767
1020
Maiden'4 Choice
Evan Shetby
1739
1000
Moura Aetna
Daniel. 9 Samuei Hughes
1787
4482
Scant T.cmbeA
Vindat Sight
1766
5210
ScaAed Fum Home
Nich.ota6 Ba,iAd
1760
1373
StuU's Fo&est
John StuU
1764
1891
The Adventun,e
Jame6 Waiting, It.
1762
1165
The O.ed Fox Deceived
Jame, waU-i.ng
1757
1367
The Di.6content
Mathew Ctaa dze
1754
1050
Mountain of Wates
Evan Shef-by
1763
9860
Time Etapsed
Chase 8 Joh"on
1764
1417
vett Done
Mases Chapti.n.e
1764
1822
He 6teA Borough
Dani.et He.isteA
1784
1434
Lie Thought
Joseph ChapZi.ne
1763
6352
HageA6 Detight
Jonathan Hager
1753
1780
HanoveA
Dn. Chante6 CanAoii
1750
1010
Catedonia.
George F) azi.eA Hawkins
1765
3910
Long Meadow
Thoma6 C&uap
1739
550
Long Meadow, Entaged
Daniet Dulaney
1751
2131
Tnou.bZe Enough
Jacob Funk.
1786
2053
SaZ6buAy
Hugh Patkec
1750
4119
Chew's Farm
Samuet Chew, It.
1736
5000
Keep TAiute
John Sample
1764
10202
Boston
Roes, Hendevson 6 Bean
1769
8025
Note: Mast of the eaA2y
Land gna.nts weAe conzideutbty sma.UeA in size.
This t.i6t i.6 nepne/sentati.ve of the taqut.
A comptete .Q,(Jst -us
puvided in The Hiztonu of WateAn Man Land,
Vot. II, Schani, 1881.
12
Cu?tulce
The ptioneetvs who settted the county were a simple industAious peonte, r,(tho
ate out ob wooden tAench.e6 and ptattetc6, sat upon three legged stooZ6 on wooden b.eocks
upon a d.vut 6Zoot, used bean's grease bon .hand and butter, and cut up their hood with the
same sheath kni.be which they used in, dnessing the deer. Wmtwatd ob the Conococheague the
county was in possession ob the Indians, wibt a bew .usotated exceptions, bon a numbet ob
years and not until the dose ob the Ftench and Indian Wan was it opened to settZement.
The typicat house o b the days o b ea t y s etteement cons.i 6ted o b .dog, with a
s.cngte 6iAeptace, diAt bkoon, one door and bew window6 and was constxucted near a sptring
on stAeam.
M
One ob the 4iut toads through the CumbeAtand Vattey was Laid out in 1735-1736 bnom
Harus's Fesvc.y on the Su6quehanna to the Potomac at the mouth ob the Conococheague. Its
co urs e through Wa6 h,i.ngton County was near e y .i dent i.cat with the present W.c. tiam6 potct and
Gteenc"tee Pike. Among the county toads in 1749 were the bottowing
"Between the Gxeat Mac6h to Potomac and thence to Conococheague"; "Ftwm the Gteat Mauh
to Antietam and bxom the Ai.vex to Stu Z's"; Up Conococheague to Wo.F'gamot's MLU and btom
thence to the head ob the Gxeat Mauh"; Ftwm Bahet's to Stunt' Mitt; W"kZngton County
13
was then undeA the j"diction of FtcedeAi.ck County which .laid out a numbetc o� %oad6, in-
c2ud.ing many os the most impoAta.nt in the County today.
A6 ea&ey' as 1666 the A6sembty o6 Matcytand had begun wo)Lk on opening the 6non-
ti.eeu o j the colony and 6otc thtis putcpos e passed an act Jots "marking highways and making the
heads o� tui.veAz, cAeeks, bta.nches, and swamps pauabte bon hotuse and foot;" and in 1704 the
width of the toads was estabWhed at 20 beet, and p&ovis.ion was made Jots matcking theft
routers by notching trcees and btcand.ing them with matking .wows.
The 6iut uad to cswss the South Mountain &idge .in Washington County was
"Isna.ee, Ftui.end's W.0 Road" thtcough Crampton Gap. A path through TuhneA's Gap Zateh
became the Nati.vnat Road.
One o� the eatr,Uest .industtui.e�s in the county wa3 the wateA-poweAed gAizt m.cUs along
the Antietam and the Conococheague. Some of the mitt sttcuctunes h.omniw today .in Washinaton
County .in vatcioius states of tcepaiA and tcestoAati.on. It ,is the tocation ob mig.inat mitez
which guate.y .in6tuenced the tocat.ion o4 ToaA and the iotaca o, kiveh fotrds and eventually
bAi.dges.
14
t
L
I
L
Ptcy ,b Mitt
15
I
IV,
Retia i,on
The Church of Engtan.d wad an eatabVhhed phovinciat in6t tution and one of
the {first peacea of wouh,i.p .in the county was an Epi6copat chapel. near Antietam Cheek.
A German Luthehn congnegati.on wad .located neon Antietam. Gehman Mennonites and Bapt"t6
were atzo hep&uented bejone the Revotution.
There ane no accounts of the population of Wadhdngton County ad the area was
dtitt paha os Fhedex ck County and the 6Wt cendud wad not conducted until 1790.
17
`ZL
18
s
,z J
Fiut Comt HOuae
1750 — 7800
The Ftench and Indian plat buught untut and tutmoa to the pahtia.Uy settted
Cumbex and VaUey .in the 1750'.6 and '60',s. Animos.c tie's between FngZand and France sttcuck
home. Atter the disastrous jaitu&e ob GenehaP. Braddock's expedition against Ford DuQuesne,
.in the a ummeA o b 1755, the we,6tetn d.i 6tn ict6 o b Penm yZvani,a, Marytan.d, and Vitg.cnia weAe
devastated by band6 o b Indian taideu , some o6 which penetrated as 6aA east as Ca4ti.6 fie,
FtedeAick, and w.inche�ster. The word ob the hoArwu and atrocities ob attacks on the FngUzh
zettiement6 sptead to Annapoti 6 and Batti.moAe with the teesuZt that many weAe prepared to
btee to Vi&gdnia of Fngtand. Attacks became mote pe&6istent and boAmidabZe, ass they weAe
dvicected by the French with their Indian a t ie s , bot the puApos e o6 annih,iQating the Bng-
ti,sh setttementis .in the dizputed teAA tory.
Att existing Aorta and btockhouses weAe crowded with bugitive sette.e)&s and theivc
bamitiu
Font FtedeAi.ck
Du ing this time, there had been a convention ob ptov.inc%at- Govehnofus .in New
VoAfz to devi6e mea6une6 bot debense. HoAatio Sharpe, Governor ob Maryea.nd, was among them,
and on hiz teturn home the GeneAaZ As s embZy approved U.6 recommendation to burl ed a boat on
the western btontier.
19
P
t7
Al_ly _ � 4 i� may• � '-fes 1P
_ 1 �. f - i i + Lam' 4 S _ f ♦ I) �r �
o•~
20 Foht Fxedeni.ck
The GoveAnorc, thenebone., bixed upon a point neat the Potomac Riven., about
50 mites east ob CumbeJcZmd and 14 mites west o6 Conococheague in FnedeAick County. Here
he puhchaded 150 acnes ob .eand and, abten a plan bunnieshed by hi,msetb, he puceeded to
bused his bona.
The wo&k pnogtcessed napcdZy and .in August 1756, six months abten. authoxizat,i,on,
the boat was gaAA"oned. It was named FORT FREDERICK in honotc ob Fnedenick, the .east LoAd
BaZtimone.
The boat was cov►stnucted ob stone, abundantey ptcov-i.ded by naiu&e .in the xeg-ion
. . . 17 beet high and 3 beet thick.
The Ct uap's heaped to train tAe Engttsh troops in ui tdennes6 battee to which
they were unaccustomed and tea.d naidd on the Ind.i,am bhom the Fant.
The bit distant Aumb.ei.ng that was to cO i,nate in the storm o� Revoeutinvi
was heard .in the continued didagteements between the AssembZy and the Fxecutive. In the
,stand taken by the bonmet ob its nights, a bite bon the payment ob troops went unnas6ed.
Fon eight months the sotdieu were without pay. The obb.icetus wen.e obtiged to advance money
Jot the nece6stities ob Zije, unibonwm became thtceadbace and the Govetnotc 6aAca6tic..aUy
expressed hies gra-i.b.icati.on that the men had Zeacned to tive without hood.
21
22
The zummet o f 1758, howeveA, found things .in better case and the Jo&t busy.
Money was advanced Jon the tAwops and undex .6t mut us of good Cations and new uniJonme the
teg.cment made heady Jon the campaign against the Ptench.
Women and ch itdxen whops e husbands and Jathet s had joined the m,c.Q,i is were
btoug6r t to the Jona. Pn iendZy Indcaws stayed at the Jona.
There was, as wett, a ceaeetas coming and going of woodsmen, messengets Jtom
those .in change 06 the campaign and expteze ens Jtom Annapo.P,us .
Under the protection of the ford and the troops, mote and mote people JZocked
to the ni,ch va tey. Towne and ham.2et6 sptang up hence and theAe and when, .in 1763 a treaty
of peace between the Ptench and EngVsh was signed, the setttens thought theiA tnoubtee
were overt. Pan Jxom it . . .
Convinced that the nes outces o J the white men had been exhausted in the .bong
con6tict, Pontiac, Ch,ieJton of the Ottowae, united the Five Nations .in an upni6.ing whose
avowed punpos e was to .heave not a pate Jace a ive .in the new woAtd. So once mote . . .
the wan whoop was heard. Aga.i.n setttens met death at the hands of Detawate bna.ves.
23
A6 ataAm ,spread, those on .c6oZated banms hufvri.edf-y abandoned them, this time
bon the 6hetteAing anmb ob Font FnedeAi.ck. And on this pinpoint ob cteaned land .in the
endtes s mita o b bourt was un i,.q uet y to be seen Amen i,ca in the making.
With the end o6 the s ea3 on came the end o6 Pontia.c',s wan. In .6ucc(.s sive bat-
tZe,6 .in the nonth the waAAi.ou met debeat. In Manytand, Govennon Sharpe reused the bounty
on scatps bnom ten to bibty pound3. Soon, nothing remained to teU whence the Inddtam had
reigned ,supreme .Save the ,soot, hanmoniuz name.6 ob mountain, vale and ,Sth.eam.
Fortunate in iis isoZati.on, Fond Fnedexick has escaped the datnucti.on ob other
6ont6 - Cumbe Land, Loudon and Pitt which were eventu.aZZy submenged beneath the tide ob
gnow.ing town6 . Font Fnedenick haz now stood jiAnVy upon its h,i Mide bon 219 yeau .
Hay e ztown
With zecun.i ty regained, the vattey began to gnaw and pnospm Hageutown,
on.ig.inaUy known a,5 Et zabethtown, was taid out a6 a town .in 1762 by Captain Jonathan Hagen
who named it abten hi -6 wibe. Having obtained patents bon extensive tnacts o6 Land .in
wa3hington County he .6ett2.ed .in the vicinity ob Antietam Creek. On his banm was bu<et the
b.vust two -stony .Log house with an arched 6tone cettar .so con.stnucted that .ib the bamity
were attached by the Indians, they cooed take nebuge there. Captain Hagen and hi.6 bamity
wen(: bnequentey azzai ted by the Indians and bound the ce.Ptan a mo.5t use6dt "y.eum.
M
E. AHr/ETAM STREET
w
a,
k
W
W
CO
E. CHURCH sr W.
city nal Wait C/
CHURCH S rREEr
eluage't'down
P44
r d ¢
Jonathan HageA was not, howeuen, the 6iAzt 6ettter in the vicinity o6 Hagets-
town. He was preceded by 6evenat yeau by Capt. Thomas Cusap, a 4amou6 Indian -6 ghteA,
and otheA 6etaeu. Cresap had built an Indian. Fort ob 6tone and oveA a 6pAing at "Long
Meadow6". Dun i..ng the Indian wars CAez'ap'6 4oAt had been an .important point a6 it a44oAded
the 6ett2eu 6a4ety. A6 the 4rontier moved we6twaAd, 6o dial CAezap who bui t a new more
4otmi,dab.Qte 4ott on the 4ront.ier at Otd Town in what .cs now At tegany County.
"Jonathan HageA had been attracted to Wa,6hington County by the JeAtit ty o6
the 6oit and the great abundance ob pure and whotmome wateA."
HageA ta.i,d o66 his town .in 520 tDt6 o6 82 beet front and 240 beet deep, making
hatj an acne each. A .range 6quane was tai.d out and a ma ket hawse wa6 erected .in the centeA
at the intetus ecti.on o b what is now Wa,6hington and Potomac StAeet6 . Et i.zabeth Town began to
grow . . .
ShaAp6bung
The Town o6 ShaAp6 bung wa6 taid out .in the botZow.ing yeaA, 1763 by Job eph Chap -
tine and wad named .in honor o6 Govenor Horatio Sharpe. Mr. Chapti.ne who was an o66.icer in
the French and Indian Ulcer, aAAived .in the vicinity before 1755 and took up aU the tand6 on
and about the 6-cte o j the 6uture Town o � Sharp6 bung jot a distance o 4 three m ite6 .
27
28
44 10
_ "_ - ` — �_ - y ��rii■F+'�-amu ��� . _. a
rr-
- .�. - ._ - tom■ _ - � �` � ly =�, L4
i"' rig,; � J a�' t■,� �r+ � _ � w _ � �'
�r����,�"-`� �."!�' •mss �r �. r � - ��`_
. __ mom'- _...F.�W'.Mw.- ... ^ . -_ .. _ -ra,■ » , - �' * r . -
Beti_nda Sprung�s Re/son t
South os ShcuLpbbung
The spot where Shanpsbung now .stands wa.6 once a vast honest and was weU
wateAed with the "Great Spking" .
Thin axea, .in tact, had been the bavoned hunting gtou.nds ob the Detawarces.
When the Town wars founded there weAc on ey jouh. houses .in it. Theneaiten,
houses, chuAche6, .aton.es and hotetz began to appeak on the towv.6cape.
FunUtown
The Town ofs Funh4town was born on a non tion o� e r,,ht,A-e oht actes catted
Btack Oak Ridge, gxanted in 1754 by Fnedelcick CatvetLt to Henn.y Funk who settf-ed there.
Henry Funk's ve.ntune was ouxstir i.pped by Et i.zabeth Town, 2 mites distant. The town was
oxiginaeey called Jeluasat tm and was inconponated under this tine. Many of the eaAZy
ne6ident6 of Fu.nh stown wexe Germans who. bxought with them the customs and hab.c6 ob the
otd countxy and inthoduced them there. The cunt vati.on ob 6ZoweAz was a passion with them
as was the cotta e o f the vine, and hot iday customs o b the Easter egg hunt and decoration
of the ChAistmas tree with sweets ane said to have JtDuAished eaAty in. the Town's hi6toxy.
29
Hancock
Hancock wu wed be6ote the Revotut on on the toad cut by GeneAate
8ta.ddock .to Font Cumbekta.nd which was to become the Nati,ona2 Turnpike. Here, an the
Potomac, the eaVi,eat .6etttet kept pubti.c house. The zown'a Location on the major
ttampoAtati.on touter of the day tuutted in it -6 gtowth and ptospeA ty.
30
1776
The Dectawti.on ob Independence was signed on Juey 4, 1776 and Manyyeand
became a estate.
The 6ixst mU-Ltatcy company organized 4otc the RevoZuti.oncAy Ulan in Hagetustown
was musterred in Januaky 1776 . . .
"we whose namea ane subscribed do hereby enutt ouuel!vea into a company
o6 mititary, agr.eeab.te to .the neso.tution o6 a Pnov.inci.at Convention held
at AnnapoW on .the 26th o6 JuXy, 1775, and we do prom.iee and engage that
we wilt tespeeti.vety match .to such ptaeea within fihi.a p&ov.i,nee and at such
times a6 we shah be commanded by the Convention ox Couneit, and .there
with our whote power 6i.ghx aga.i.net whomwoeveA we 6hatt be commanded by
.the audwxUy a6o4eeaid."
The watt tcaged . . . ptwsone z were Mought to Foxt F&edeAi c . . . Cannon
and cannon baUu weAe .6upp.tded btcom Catoctin FuAnace, Gtceen SpAi,yig Fuxnaee and Antietam
Foxge.
31
On Septembetc 6, 1776, W"hington County wa,5 e6ta.bWhed, having been pant ob
FtedeAi,ck County Jot many yewrus. The tine o6 d.ivizion wah the t.idge o6 South Mountain
and aU tand6 within the State to the wut ob thins .eine weAe de6.ignated Wa6h.ington County,
the Ai&6t count4 to be named in honor o�j Geotge Wa6h,ington, Commandet in Ch.ieA o� the
Conti.nentaZ Army. Et zabeth. Town became the county seat and soon thenea6ten a maAket hou,6e -
couxthouze wa6 consttucted on the .6qu.ane.
The MaAket House
Then, ass the cnod6toa.d,6 and hub ob commence and government .in the vattey, Et za-
beth Town began to grow mote tapidZy than the other .6etttement-6. The market houre .in the
,s quaxe wa6 the center o b activity ty on W edne6 days and Saturdays , matket days when ae e. "V.i.ctu.a z
and ptovisions" wexe brought to the square Jot bate.
The maxhet house was estab.e us hed by act o j the Ass embty . . .
"And wheAea6, It has been ptact.i.ced by the people coming .in Jtom the country
to tie theeit houe6 .in said ma ka house which is very .indecent and o66en6.ive to the .i.n-
habit nt6 o6 said town, Be it enacted, That any peAzon of persons who zha t put theit own
of any other peuon's hotuse .into of under said market house, on any pxeten�se what6oevet,
he shah pay of 6ot6eit two .6hittings and sixpence cmAent money" the Out panki.ng ticket
32
The existence o 4 the matrizet house must have had conzidenab2e ,in6 uence on
the growth o6 Hage town which s upeAceded that o6 att o6 the other z etttement.s .in the
vaP.eey.
"Ctuazy Rum6 ey"
Robeht Fu.eton invented the steamboat? That',6 what AmuL can h.istony teM
u,s . . . W)Long ! It was .invented by James Rum ey o b Shepat d6town, Gest ViAg-i ria .in 1785.
It was not untie. 1807 that Futton successju ty expeA mented with h.i6 veszet on the Hudson.
Rumsey constnucied his boat at Shepatustown and had it ji ted w.cth pa4t6 made at Catoctin
FuAcnace, Ba ti,mot e and Antietam Ixon WoAk6 . In 1786, a pubti,c expe4iAent was made on the
Potomac Rivett (the 6i&6t o6 its kind even undeJ+taken in this country) and Rum6ey succeeded
in attaining a speed o � bouts mites pen hour against the cuhnent.
GeneAtai Washington and Governot Thom" Johnson ob Man.y&nd were patAons ob
Rums ey'ts expeAiment and the MaAy.band Leg.ustatu&e pa6.6ed an act to invest Rums ey "with an
exctuis.ive pAivitege and bene) t ob making and setting new invented boats on a mode.L by him
.invented."
In 1788 the Rum6 ey Society, o b which Benjamin FAank t i.n was a member, was botuned
in Phiiadetphda to aid the Manyiand .inventotc. He went to London, wheAe a zimi& tc body was
33
boramed, a boat and mach i,ne ty buiU bars him and patents obtained .in Grceat SAit an, France
and HoZ&nd. Anotheh Success but experiment wcu made on the Thames .in 1792 the yeah he
died.
w-ci Zama porta
The Town ob w,i.PX.iam&sparct wcvs bounded by Genehat Otho Hot Land wiLUam in
1787. The act o b .incotporcatc on rcec i tees that "it ,.s teptez ented to the Gene&at M s emb.e y
that Otho HotZand w.ctt iama5 pozz esz ed a trta.ct o b .land . . . cont iguours to the mouth o b the
Conococheague Crtteek, and that, bnom the advantages ob navigation bnom the head branches ob
"Potowmack" Riven to the mouth ob Conococheague, and the great prt,orpect ob the navigation
o6 the 6a.id rt i,veh being extended to tide-wateh, on the appt i,catd on o6 many ci tizenrs o6
waehtngton County he hath been encouraged and .induced to .lay out para ob .said tAactis into
a Town . . . " The act cheated a boartd o b commirsa,ioneu who werce authors i,zed to to y out a
town not to exceed one hundreed and b.ibty aces and to be caned WiZt,iam6 porn.
In a very Jew yea&6 w,i,Q Q,iams poi t was a thAi,v.ing vittag e and much o b .c tis .s uc-
cess was attAibuted to the zh,ipment ob goody brwm the west on the Potomac to be untoaded
at the town.
34
In 1790, the town ways conzideAed bon a tocation ob the nation's caps tae and
Ptuident Washington, "much to the deUght ob the bu.6y but patAiotic towwspeopte, paid
them a vizit in oAdet to .see what the advantages o b the situation weAe cL6 a s uitabte to -
cation bot the capdtai." wa,5hington, in a bew weeks Aeponted in bavoA ob the present site
bot the capctat."
Education
FoAma.e education was not aviaeabte in the county unfit the tate eighteenth
century. Pni,ot to the 1790',6 there had been sevetcat indiv.i.duat teachers who gave insttucti.on
on a Zi,mited bas,us at vaAiou6 pteaces in the va2eey.
In 1791, M.iv6.6 Ann Rawt i.ngz had a s choot in which she taught ch itdten "Aeadi.ng,
zewing, btoweliing, maAii.ng and open wokV and M. SpiceA taught "the Auetez and pAacti,ce ob
vocae muzic" .in the courthouse.
Two yew &6 tateA in 1793, a boatd%ng schoot bot young tad u was opened and
in 1795, an academy bot the education ob young men was opened, in which the vaAi.ous bAanch.es
ob 5ci.ence and ti teAnture weAe taught. An announcement soon abtehwatdz was made that
Thomas GAieves wowed open an eventing zch.00t at "The Academy."
35
In the eatty pact o6 1800, the 6iAzt attempt was made to bound a zemdnaty o6
h.ighet education. "It was maintained that such an institution ways a po-6iti.ve necessity;
that it would atttAac i a taAge number o6 Students 6tom abroad, who woued give tone and
,standing to the town and en o ge its Game and 6ottune; that it wou.2d enable the young men
o6 Haget6town to gain a 6uU education without being subjected to the temptations and
dangetc�s o6 schoot ti6e 6arc away 6tom home, and that the estabtzshment o6 such a schoot
would be an .inducement to weatihy people, who had chiednen to educate, to move in the
ne,i.ghbothood and sette.e in and about the town." The e66ott wcvs, however, unsucce/s660,
and the Hage&stown youths bot ten years mote obtained aU theit home instruction through
the medium o6 pt,i-vate 6chooe�s and the Hagetstown Grammar. School..
Etizabeth Town, between its founding and the 1740',5, thirty yearcb tate,, had
grown to a maturing and complex town. Goodis and s eAv.i.ces o6 great variety weAe avaitabte
and great teti.ance on the h.intettands bot agt icuPttutat ptoducts wcvs .incAea6.ing, which .in
turn, tequiAed ,i,mptoved tadiae toads to and Jtom the town. A6 expotti.ng and .i.mpott,ing taw
mateti.a z and J.inished goods became mote .i.mpottant iso did the toads to other marched, become
mote .cmpottant and -tequi ed imptovement.
36
The tAa.n66oAmati.on o6 this community Brom one o6 a zimpte agraAian v,<.Q&ge
to a d.iveu i6ied, productive town .us evidenced in the bottowing X Lsting ob representative
o ccupafii.o ns .in F Zizab eth Town .in 1800.
weaveh
ovetuseen o6 abnshouse
Jarmeh
bank caps h,ieA
reverend
tavern -keeper
brid.2e, bit 9 .6t A uup maker
owner o6 brisk yard
regiztett o6 deeds
cta6zicaf- teacher
tailor 6 habit-makeA
,stocking -weaver
whee.ewu ght
taborer
cAie,% o6 Walsh. Co. CouAt
b.e a c.ks mith
meAchant-s
, pro pxi eteA hackney stage
justice o6 the peace
judge
potteA
brewer
.teacher o b music
barb etc
book- bindeA
mi PUneA
ph y-6ic%an.
whi tesmith
hatter
brass-6oundeA
tanneh
pubt,i,s heA
proprietor o J gn"t m EU
coopetc
wagon makeA
gunsmith
dea.2eA in. JZouh S cornmeat
co ppeu m,c th.
auc ti,oneeh 9 market cZeAk
candle maker
t.umber deateA
teachetc .in private school.
teachetc o J dancing
Ja" ieA
pn.inteh
ceock 9 watchmaker
cotcpenten
timne&
boot 9 sh.oemakeA
attorney -at -taw
pt steren
,s cn i.veneA
bn ickta.yetc
stage p&op&4,e teA
b.eu.e dyeA
cottector of revenue
pastor
,spinning wheel 9 cha,iA makeh
postmaster
sheAiJJ
j eweteA
s addZeA
cabinet-maker
tin plate worker
baker.
The division ob tabor ways advancing rapidiy. Occupati.onat c2atssi6i.cat ons o6
the day are indicative ob what the town must have been like, both phys.icaiZy and socc.a ty
. . . Zi.v.ing and working quaAteAs were oaten .in the same or adjacent buildings, the ava t-
37
abit ty o6 goods and.senv.ice% was very ceose to townspeopte and vec.y distant bon 6vuneus.
An economic and socia.t .interdependence was devetovina.
BaA y Hote.0 and In"
Txa.ve .in the 1790'.6, between towns and between pontis, was a .tong and aAduous
aj6aiA. A stage on wagon .teav-ing Batt mote on Monday cou.td be expected to antui.ve at Etiza-
beth Town on Fnida.y a6tetin.00n. iDetivec ing farm produce to makket 6rrom valley jam was
wsu.aU-y an att-day trek .invot-ving tiveA Jordi and noad6 ob mud or. dust.
The eanty hoteZ6, innz and taverns deve.toped rapidty atong majot toads and
in pninci.pat towns.
In Et i.zabethtown . . . The G.tobe, The Indian Kang Tavern, The White Swan, The
Sign o6 the Black Howse, Bet.t Taveu2 . . . and in Hancock, The Banton Centrae Hote.t, "Sign
of the C&ozz Keys" and "Sign of the Green Tree" . . . in W tt iam3pont the "Sign of Genetrae.
Washington" and whenthe naii.ona.t tutcnpike was pushed thtrough . . . the South Mountain Inn
and the BagZe Hote.t in Boovusbou.
The .inns and tavern became activity centers, on the route to the west and ass
.to cat gathe ing p.taacm .
38
Roads and Stages
*"In 1791, a number. of important roads weAe AmuAveyed, .inc,eu.ding the road
from Etizabethtown to the FAedeA.ick County tine, from Etizabethtown to Hancock, bAom
Et izab ethtown to Chattton's Gap, to N.ich.ot6 on' d Gap, to Blit Q i.ams port and Brom Witt iamb -
pont to TuAneA'd Gap."
The CumbeAtand Road was authorized by act of Congress in 1806. Its eadteAn
teAmik s was at Cumbertand, which was connected with BaLtimone and W"h.ington by turnpikes
constAucted by .cncorpoAated companies. A great oveV-and highway wad thus estabti�shed Brom
the Axtantic Seaboard to the we6t. It padded through Boonsboro, Hagetustown, CZeaA Spring,
and Hancock and was 6or many year an .important ba.ctoA in the devePopment and prozpenity
o6 the county.
A weekly pasdengeA stage Jcom E izabethtown to Baetimore was announced .in
1797 and boon another stage wad te.av-ing three fiime6 a week. Stage6 cat4ied mait deveAa
time6 weekly connecting Baetimore, FAedericktown, Etizabethtown, Lee6buAg, Martinsburg and
Yorktown, Pennsytvania.
Communication in the region had been improved by reguP.aA stage-det i.veAy ob
maie. and by the ciAcutati.on of aeveraZ newspapers. The W"h.ingSon Spy wad "t pubZished
H.i,6tory o6 Leiters burg D"ttr is t
39
in. Hagejustown .in 1790 on a weekly basis. In 1795 John Gnuben dtahted a papeA .in the German
Language caQ,2.ed the German Washington CoAtesondent which wad loon discontinued . . . The
Ge man Atmanac became the HageAstown Town and Country Atmanac.
The Spy was pubWhed untiZ 1797 and was succeeded by the Manyta.nd Henatd and
Hageutown Weekty AdventiseA. Untie 1813 -the Hetaed was the only engt2 sh Za.nguage new;6-
paper. pub.P 6hed in Hagetstown. When the_Tonch Light was AiA6t pub&shed. the two
merged.
A number o� other papeAz were dhont-ti.ved untit the Hag_e&stown Mait which
began .in 1828.
40
Mason-Dixon
.aw 4=a+i,, tk7."k'jrj - 'y�.., d� `;' _.� ,�}Fy _ ' nAl '� tf�i'� �"•:�e.) #. R i`: �,� ,ti •'�j',
ir•,R" �,��. •-�.1 't• 'ire$, "�r � �� S � ��r y,a �. -.� � a- 4 r
c • Y'
•�.f. +SFr' _ � t A' _ ! - 5
may! �•�.s � " � �` ��rr R
Ya
P-7 L
y '✓ � "� .rte � y
OKI
y iY i
s'} ► F► f
IPV.' rte, '°'�+�+` � • +' � 4 • sfi
.!
F`- �.�► j r P r
'-+ Fir, s. - � � � ,r' j},,1�,�y3� •� vr`l-L�il,'�„4.�r� y
9-Ae J800.4
" Wa6hington County began the yeoA 1800 with a poputat on of 16,108 wh.i tu,
342 Jnee Negnou and 2,200 sta.veb, a ga,i.n. o6 2,828 over. the tom jnom the cen6ub ob
1790.
Hag eutown and G1.c,Q,P,i,ama pont were commeAci,at and manuJactuh i,ng centeus o j
con,sidenabte imponta.nce; many saw, gnust and wooten mr M dotted the banks ob the Cono-
cocheague and the Antietam and be6ide,6 those o6 the v.i,Uages, tavern existed atmost
.i.nva iab.ey at cAos.6xoad6.
Compatativety, the county at thi6 ea&4 date wars an otd, zetteted xegion.
Indeed, 11many con6 i.dened it ass a.fteady ove*ztocked with human occupants, and a .range
number moving on to the west sought homes in Kentucky."
41
Cutturte, Ctustom and Amusement
Supex6tit,i.on thxi,ved .in the eaAty pant o6 the cen u y.
"Coneide2abte excitement wo cheated .in HageAstown about 1805, by .the
announcement .that the oCd Ep.i6copaZ Chvhch wu haunted. The xepoxt -
ahose 6xom the 6act that a gang? b.Cack dog got .into the bui.Cding on
Sunday and went to s.Ceep without being obsexved. When he awoke, the
door wa,a .Cocked and W howls and 6xanti.c eb6o4t6 to get out a.Canmed
the nei.ghborthood. It .w a cuhi.ous evidence o6 the pnevatance o6 supen-
sti tion that people concluded that the church was inhabited by ghosts.
It was aCso gxaveC.y assented that when the door was opened the dog apnang
oven the heads o6 .twenty men! "
M-ichaeP. ZittP.e .sprtead teAvtort oven. South Mountain near Boonzbon.o. Those
,5upex6titiou,5 taees cute weU accounted .in a recent uphi.nt of 'South Mountain Magic'.
Hangings .in Hagemtown were 6ottowed by "6ieAce ztttuggting bon piecers ob
the nope" .in the be.P.i.eb that the wea i.ng o6 a piece would be a ' charum' against d"ea,6 e
and m.i 6 6otc tune.
Leisurte time way d-ih.ected toward ch.os.6-countn.y horse racing, gambPing,
cock -fights, taveAni.ng, 6ish-i,ng the Antietam and picn.ici.ng at "Co.ed Spxing" and otd
"Oak SpA i.ng" .
42
Horne xaci.ng wad ob buck Y-oc.at popu&mity that counded exulted at Hageu-
town, With mspoAt and Funfvstown and race entAi.e.6 came bnom as bat distant as New yoxk,
Vitgin,ia and Kentucky and the betting was atways heavy. Sam RinggoZd and Otho HotZand
Gl c,e.Y.i.ams were hou e tta i.ne z o6 xeputa t i.o n and inva& abZy had entA i u in the bouA mite
raced .
Cock -bighting was a weakness ob many, and a sport which dreew &xge chowds
and the pn,%de in tocat b iAd6 drew heavy gambt ng . arc. Do U ey, a compte to ey dedicated
tn.aveti.ng physician, who became a .legend in the County, wou.P.d tnaveZ ad ba r. as New yoxk
to see the top cock- b.i.ght6 .
43
44
In 1822 a wniteA descxi.bed Hageutown thus:
"Thete ane Jew towns in this counttcy which have n i 6 en mote tap idly in impot-
Lance within the .east Jew yeatus than this town. Not ane its advantages .in otheA tees pectz
.has -i.mpottant. The aAAiva z and depantuxeis ob stagers .in one week amount to Jofcty-two -
seven antci.ve Jtom wheeting, seven 6tom Washington, Geotgetown, and Batt mote via Ptedeu,ck;
th,tee 6Aom Ba.Uimote via We�stm.in,i�stec, Taney Town and Bmmit6bung, which .eine is .intec-
.6ected by a d urtect tine 6Aom Phita.de2ph,i.a.; three btom the tees pect i.ve s ec ti.o nes o 5 Penns ytvan,ia
v.ia. Chambei.6bung and one Jtom Vi&g.inia v.i.a. Winch.es.�:en . . . An .idea of the ptogtesz ob
imptovement may be gathered Jtom the fact that a count -house equae., perhaps .in elegance and
taste, to any .in the country has just been compbeted, and that these ane now .in ptogtezz
a matket-house, connected with a town haft and Masonic HaU, .independent of a tatrge bpiscopat
church .'
"The numbetc o b we t- conducted pubt i.e-houz ens is not, pechap.5 z unpa zed by those
of any .intan.d town .in the countAy, the enterpnuse and activity of out meAeantiee men ane
ptover.b,iat, and the .industry and penaeAve►_anee o6 out mechanicat population give ti6e and
energy to the vatui,ouz btanehe s o6 active bus.iness . "
45
AgAi.c.uUune in the vattey waa impLoving napi,dey duping the eaAty n,i.neteenth
centwuy and the �Wt agni.cuttu�.society was AoAmed in 1807 . . . Cauott'z, Ti ghmans,
Ringgot d6, Witt iams . . . o.6 the twLgat and mo.6t succe6s6ut agndc.uttufca i-sts.
In 1854 Vie' AgAicuttutat and Mechani.caQ Absociati,on os Waahington County
began hotding annuat exhibitiom at vafr ioub Zocatiom unt t in 1880 the jachgnound6 wen.e
acqui,%ed in "the bubuxbs" of Hageratown and were aai.d to be "crusutpa,6aed by tho4e of any
,s.i,mieax a6,soci.aiion in the count y." The jai& of 1880 wab cetebnated a6 the "Si veA
Exhibition" ob the Assoc ati.on.
46
LJ
I
.,a•�„ 'res 4 _ �- ,- - . K
,I� �-•�� *mow% ',`` _ ,
d�
ff
J
"Washington Monument, nean BoonsboAo"
"Putusuant to pnevtiouts a &angements, the citizens oA Boonsbotco aase.mbted at
the pubtic Equate on the 4th (oA Juty, 1827) at hatA past seven o'ceoek in
the mot ni.ng, to as Bend the ' BZue Ro efzh ' {joA the patA i.ottic puApm e o b ,
meeting a monument to the memony o{j him whose name stands at the head ob
thtis akticte . . . At the eonc&,stion o{j ouh Zabotus, about 6ouA o' ctock the
DecZa ation Ob Independence was Aead 6Aom one o{j the steps o{j the monument,
ptceceded by some pne6atoAy obaeAvati,ons, a�teA which seve&at aatute,s o6
tin{jantAy were {jtined, when we att Ae turned to town in good oAden. "
This monument is seated timmediatety upon what ,us eaUed
BY-ue Rock. It is 6.i6ty-6ouA {feet in ciAcum6eAence at its base and 6.i6teen
beet high (we eontemptate Aa.ising it thiAty beet a6teA the busy season shaU
have passed.) The waU is eompoz ed o U hugh stone, many weighting upwaAds o6
a ton, with the whote eenteh 6iUed up with the same mateAia2. A {tight o6
,steps , commencing at the base, and Aunn ng thAough the body o6 the babtuc,
enabta ups to "tend to the top, JAom whence the most beauti, ut pnospect pne-
isenta titseZ6 that the eye can po�s/s,ibZy behotd. ShepaAdatown, Hagetustown,
and Cavetown ane di�stinett y seen, with aU the {j etuti.ee �ietda o f Je 6j eeu o n,
BeAkeY-ey and W"hington ab{joAding a .eanAcape teeming with t,i�e and wealth.
. . . "Twet-ve {feet �&om the base, upon the side junting Boonsbou was
tinseluted a white maAbte stab, with the �ottowing .in.6c ipt.ion: "'Exerted
in the memony o{j Washington, Juty 4, 1827, by the eitize" o6 BoonsboAo"'...
44
TA.ampoAtati.on
The biut hat6 o b the 19th centuA.y was a peA,i.od dominated by turnpike, bA,idge
and cava t cows tAuc ti,o n in Wae h.i.ngto n County.
"Under the Jebbeuon Adm.iniistkat on the Nation. Road bui ding pA.ogAam came
into but b2owen. As eati e y as 1806 Congte�ss pa6.5 ed .c tis bamou,s bitt bar a Fede=t Road
' brom the navigable wateA6 ob the Atlantic to the Ohio Riven'. The dream ob George Washing-
ton, who at age bibteen had caught the Potomac beveA, ways at .P"t to be bu ty reaP,i.zed."
"When the ua.d and bk i.dge buc eding project began .in eaAnest about 1811-12,
the newly created bank6 ob the State and County weAe bonced to paAticipate .in bund-Aa".ing
under. the threat o6 tosing thein. chaAteu . Utt mateZy, chaAte 6 were renewed ad each bank
acceded to the s ti.pu2at-io n that it 6 ub s cA b e cexto i n s pec i hied z ums toward the bu.i tdi ng o6
not only the Nati.onat Road but also th.oze tuAnpdhe roads which weAe. to .bead .into it."
"BY 1835 the Nati.onat Road, abteA being tepaixed with cnu6hed stone and abteA
tott-houses had been eAected ways taken .into custody by the States ob Ma)ujtand and Pencvsyt-
EE
r
i
i 1
T �►,
'.,l � y, �Fey �,�� � � _'�.- � �v w ..., � -� .. +_ _ � •c +,pig � �,<y ,{ !x w
��� � •, ��p ,"r � ''�'� � „�* `cagy r'�-:� t s,.,�. s�' .y -' t. � e I:
- ^-�/,;" �'� •�' _ - ...rg� j�:.'�_.. .r Its- - �'4 `'jai'.'..-.-'""�,;,. '., .. -._ ;y�._s "� � � .. - •-
�r
:.i'.a;'�:}+.,�i'^,�,—i.• ..ice � " s,,rE�.`,y't� q' N- ��
t�ti}reldi}dl�ltll`�'
51
"Duhi,ng the .tong yearns o6 uncehta.%nty, a revised plan bot consttucti.on o6 bni.dges
of Alcushington County had been apptoved by the Sectetaty of Wan. Coveted wooden bodges were
to be eAected in p.eace o6 the 6o4meAty agteed upon stone bodges. This ptoposat was 6ihmty
tejected by the State of Maty.eand. Maty.eandeu, maintaining that the.iA Legi,6tatUAe had
'authotized the change in the .eocation o6 the toad thAough the estate, provided the bhi.dga
weAe a t made o� stone', temained adamant. The high upkeep of wooden bkidge�s, even when
bur et on stone piers, ways cited. " Maxy.?and won a tuounding victoty when the handsome stone
btidges were eventua.Zy erected.
"The two major ztteams, the Antietam Cteek and the Conococheague Cteek, had posed
major ptob.-em jot both tes ident6 and ttaveUeetd jot a 6uU centuAy beJote the stone Midge
ptogtam was begun. But once initiated.. mote than 30 stone bt.i.dges were constructed .in Wash-
ington County between the yeats 1819 and 1863, with the major cowsttucti.on being engaged in
dux ng the 1820',s and 1830',x. In the 1820',x, when the Nat.ionat Road wa6 6.itust opened to
t,,,,-a,bs.ic, the new stone bt.i.dge-s which had been eAected by the Arany Eng.ineerus weAe tegatded
with awe a,6 'the wondetus o6 them. day'. *
"Atthough there wa6 much specuZation a,6 to theix hatdiness, among both engineers
and &ymen,
they have.6utvived not on.e.y a
century
of mote o6 use, but have even withstood
the stAe,s 6
o6 the modern tAa.ctot-ttavety ed
eta o �
the 1900',x .
* Legacy in Stone
i
14
_
=}7'"'t `
r •. q. sY�...
Ile
.� ,a- ''�'J �i., - i t �. �Lr -.fir - •tom. -�� _. ~.. +� i a.-' A. ._ •� .
52
The C 8 C Cana.
The Potomac Rive)L Canat concept had been conceived wet. bebo)Le 1800. 2 "In the
18201x, abte)L bavot abte )Lepotctz on the Exie Cana., a continuous canaZ paAatte Zing the Poto-
mac Riven was ptwpoded. Pnes.ident John Quincy Adams broke ground bon the Chesapeake and
Ohio Cana. on Ju,ey 4, 1828. Consttuucti.on pnognessed tuapidty at bWt but sZowed cons ideA-
abtey .in Washington and Attegany Counties." The canal had been completed to Nahpeu Fvfty
by 1833 and not unfit 1850 was the canal comptete to Cumbe-ktand.
The C 8 O Cana. Company, emp.-oy ing its own engineend , co vusttuuc ied in Washington
County bi.ve notable aqueducts and •seventy-two cut -vents aU ob stone and aU between 1832
and 1840.
The Canat had cons idetabte impact on the Potomac RiveA towns ob Hancock and
Witti.amspottt. The tAanspvrt ob agticuttuAat p)Loducts .inceteased and coat being shipped bnom
Westehn Maxytand to Geotcgetown )Leached a m,c,QP,ion tows a yeatc.
The cana., towpath and adjacent Zandd ane today, the C 8 O Cane Nati.onat His-
totu.ca. Paxk and as such, wiU be p)Les exved.
2 HistoAi.cae AtW ob MaAyZa.n.d
53
-;4"
The Racttwads
A6 the pZans Gott the C S C Ca.nat had neatted comptetion, two Batt motteanz wette
ptomoting another txanzpotutati.on ti.nk with the west: a tcuiettoad. In Febttuatty o� 1827,
twenty -dive men met .in Batt motte to pian an .intetztate rtaitway to the Ohio Rivett, and
within 6.i6teen days o6 this meeting, the Geneut A6,sembty o6 Mattyea.nd had chatttened the
Batt,%motte and Ohio Rac.Pt oad Company. A yeah and a W6 .eaten, on the zame day that Pttui-
dent Adams bttoke ground Gott the C S O Ca.nat, Cha4te,5 CaAnott ta,i.d the connetustone bon
the B 9 O, thus beginning the Atai.Pttoa.d eta that dominated the nineteenth century.
The matin tine ob
the B 9 O
extended weztwand teaching Ha&petus
FeA ty by 1834,
Cumbetta.nd by 1842 (bebotte C
9 O Cane
comptettion) and the Ohio Rivett by
1853.
In 1838, the CumbeAtand Va iey Rail oad wa-6 compteted between Hagetustown
and Hatvuv bung, and w" extended to Matctinzbuttg in 1874.
The 6Wt action tooHing to the constttuction o6 a ttati.Pttoad connecting Hagecustown
to the matin .tine o � the B 9 O at Hattpe,r,s Fetvcy wah taken .in 1857, when a convention W"
heed at Hagetustown. In 1864, the Legistatute pasted an act incottpot ati.ng the Washington
County Ra Zroa.d which eventuaUy baited begone consttucti.on wars complete and the B 8 O
came to the coal and j.inished constnucti.on. Regueat pa6,sengeA and 6neight setcv.ice between
55
1 /1N
ef
r '9do
��■�'r� t r
4.1 Ira 4
a� ��.I tel• �.rd `j: - � I ��� r Y tr• •r •r. �Y't, �/
AI
ice; ,+•'° r'., (} tii4 - . ■
14ti . -' tier �
Id
+.
Jr r
j 41 At 'k
4.+ �%?�'; � R � r � t i - �f �/ .� �• ' • � � �j.��■�' �i` •fie ' •- r r' �t `� ,y�'`$/, y
rNA•
f r. � d +� ,rrl �.� T 's I: � _'��'� f a r, g� � r \ �'A• �'., p� 1 �� T I 1
I` �� ,� . �+S•,��r ,�1 ��� �� 7^�- �� 1�^ ;rte �•�
-AMMON
�!. 1 r �1 1 ' 1 •' •,� t�1�si 1j{{[� !� ,f i !1. A .� t,i
Hageutown and Battimorce began .in 1867.
The road extends from Hagerstown to weventon, a di,6tance of twenty-thAee mites.
3 "Ob aU the Aait oac6 that centers at Batt morce, the We,6terLn Mairytand wad the
.east to be compteted. Atth.ough projected .in 1830, its ttains did not enteh. Hagmtown on
its own tAacks untie 1873."
The conathuction of the Westehn MaAy.eand Ra.itkoad on the we.6t side ob the South
Mountain was begun in 1866. "In that years the Zegi6.eatuAe pa.6.6ed an act authokiz-ing the
County Commi&s.i.oneJus o6 Washington County to .6ubzuUbe $150,000 to caps tae stock ob the
Westerrn MaAy&nd Company, the money to be used in gAadding the )Load from the westercn .6.eope
of the mountain to Hageutown."
.c tat.
Baetimorce City and Washington County bunnizhed the grteateh poAtion of the cap -
A6 eaAty as the 1870'.6 pa.6.6engex excun6.con tutin.6 were .6topping at Pen Marc Jot
the view 6rcom High Rock. The .6ceneAy on the Aa f)wad made passengers havet a peea�sunabte
expexience.
3 Hi6toruy of WesteAn Ma&yeand, Vot. II
57
._ ;:
`i m
The naiZxoad6 .succua ju 4 competed with both the cane and the NatLona,2 Twcn-
pihe. Hotet26 and Inns atong the twcnpihe began to destine and bange6 caAAi.ed pnedominateZy
coat and gAain on the cane.
The c.uZtwca e .importance o j the na c,enoad can be seen in the .6ize s and of aboAa to
duign o j the depots.
59
Auto mobi l
Airplane
Bus
Trolley
Railroad
Canal Ba
Horse -Pt
Coach or
River
Trav
Horseba
Foot Tr
wadAin lan eaunIy
Aiala,ty / clffa a4 edea 0/ dianahatlal(ian
Non — Recreation
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
m
Education
In the eatty 18001.6 ' 6Aee' sckoo.Yi., weAe unknown. The HageAstown Academy was
opened in 1813, teaching, mathematics, Eng&6h, GAeek and Latin, geography and .in the miti,-
tarcy s chooZ . . . "the "e o J the sword and manual o b arms . " The Aca.demy'.s b.inanaia2
.sustenance wa,6 by tottetc.y and tuition o6 $6.00 peh quahteA and boaicding of $31.00 pen.
quanteA. The State, some time aJteA .c t6 opening, made appropxiation.6 ob $800 and yeah.
and thus, gained qua6 i-controt.
"The Academy became an .institution o6 cons.idenabte Jame, and could boast with
tAuth that it gAaduated some o6 the most di st,ingui,6hed men to WesteAn Marytand. Atte c
about 1855, howeveA, the Academy, Zocated on WaP..nut Street, began :to decay and in 1867,
the building was Aazed.
In 1815, Miss I.sabetta Ne i.0 became inteAested in. Phitadetphi.a's "Ragged
Schooa" which weAe educating the de6titute and as a Aesuttt ob cons.ideAabZe taboA and
ongan.izat%on by women .in the community, "a school JoA the education of pooA chitdnen" was
soon in active opehation. At 6iut the women taught the chl Aen themseeves, but as
their woAk began to be appAeciate.d by the pub.P,i,c, contAdbutions i owed .in, and they weAe
61
enabled to h.ine a room .in the back buiZd.ing o f a house on Nor th Potomac Street and empto y
a teacheA. In 1827, a statement ways made showing that the institution had educated,
bon the thi Ateen yews s o f .its ex i 6tence, between thiAt y and 6.i6ty pup i.?z each yeoA, and
by 1880, oven two thousand c.h tdnen had been educated.
The Coitege of St. James was atabtizhed .in 1842 as a diocesan .5choot o� the
Protestant Bp-uscopat Church. The
oAi.gin.ae stn.uctuAe,
designed by B. H.
Latrobe, the
arcchitect ob the Nation',s CapctoZ,
had been the home
o6 GeneAa2 Samuee
Ringgold.
The Hageutown Pemaie Sem.inwcy wa.6 pro j ected and buc.?t by the Mwcytand Synod
o6 the Bvangeticat Luthe&a.n. Church .in 1853. The main ed.i6.ice was an .cmpo-sing btick .6tnuctuxe
in the Romanesque stybe on ePeven beauti_6u f -y tan.dbcaped acxes. The study ob one ancient
and one modejrn Language, a comp.-ete knowf.edge o6 aU the BngZizh bhanches, together with
some degree o6 mws.ic.at cutturce were nequ Aed bon a d.iptoma. Today it iz the site o6 the
Washington County Hoy,pi tat.
The Hage 6town Lyceum was a joint stock company which constkucted a buitdin.g
"mainly Jon t tenaAy and s cient.i6.i.c punpos es . "
62
The Qee pubti.c schooZ system of Washington County was oAganized under an act
o j the Genetc.at As s embty o j 1865. By 1868, thetu? were 138 teachm empto yed and 8,352
students.
By 1880, thetce wetr.e * "129 schoot houses .in Washington County" and 179 teachm .
The 6i st County high schoot was eKabti6hed in 1877 when the BoaAd Q Education purchased
a bu,itding which had been erected by the Hagetrstown Academy TAustees. Its aveAage attendance
in, the 18800Is was 35 pupi.?.s.
* H, SAy o6 westem MaAyeand - ScW6
63
r
I
,
F ,1�
.f
L,
06 the natutcat xusouAces o6 the County in the 1880',s Schax6 states:
"The mountains os Washington County do not need 'distance' to '.fiend enchantment
to the view', but assond, whether San of neat, the most beauti6u2 and pictut uque scenery,
and at the same time yieP-d tatcge netutcn Son the z i ti6ut cultivation bestowed on them to
theit vetuy summits. The sunsace o6 the nemaindet o6 the county is totting, and in rrany
instances very chaA tii.ng to the eye. The soitz ate SeAtite, being Son the most paAt o6
the very best quaUty o6 c&y and .limestone .eands, with occasionae vaAi.eti.es o6 sha2y soil,
ait sus ceptZbte o6 high and easy .improvement. Ag&icu,e tut:.e is conducted in a s cient 6ic
manner; the .cmptements in use are o6 the very but, and as a tesu t unusua,Uy tatcge cops
ace produced. Livestock has been .improved with the bust Sorei,gn breeds and the carte,
skirt and attention bestowed on this btance os husbandty has met with most gtati6ying ne-
waxda .
The abundance os cQover and other cuttivated grasses assonds a targe 6uppty o6
da,itr y pxoductJs . Quantr i.es o6 excellent tP.imestone, s u tabte Sox the manusactune o6 time and
Sot banding putcposes ane nummus in vatri.ous paths o6 the county, and some aPso os the hind
used Sot making hydAmit i.c cement. Good ion ote exists in considenabte quantities, and
supetu.ot brisk cZay is Sound in aemost even.y .2tocal%ty. This region has .hong been Samous
w
bon the d stittation o� whizkey, the excettence o6 which hays been attested by good ludgu
in every section o� the country. The bust jexti i,zetu .. paper and cAon aJce manujactuned to
a vexy targe extent.
The Potomac Riven, the Antietam and Concocheague CneekJs, and thew tAibutani.e3
ajjmd ji.ne watet-power pni.ve.eeges. These, since the �Wt set Zement o6 the county have
been uti.?,ized to a targe extent, and their zunptuz water have tutwted the wheet6 ob many
Jtoun, gtizt, paper and saw -mom, and vatioub other manujactoni.es."
66
67
r4f
It
3Aae Wivtl Wal
The C.i..vit Gla& wars an event6ut peAcdod in the h.ustotuy o6 Washington County. It
wa6 at a baAmhouse . . . neat the Potomac that John B&own cottected a band o6 twenty-one
men with which he seized the Unified States aAz enat at HoApeu Fexty with the putpos e o f
atrmi.ng the st-ava in tcebetti.on. H.us action .Led to -his demZse by hanging and bu thea in-
cited the covvsideAc.abte .c6,6ue ob s.eaveti.y and the spt t between the North. and Sough. . . .
South Cati.ot i,na .Le6t the Union and suApA"ed the nation . . . othe&6 bottowed . . . Abraham
L.incotn Zeit Ittino.us jots Washington bating the ptozpects o� ci_vit watt . . . FoAt Sumpte>L
. . . the beginnings o6 the btoodi mt watt in outs h.i�stotcy.
GeneAcat Robetct F. Lee's inva6ion ob Mcfty.P_.and began .in 1862. ConbedeAate suc-
cess meant the occupation by them ob Washington, and L.incotn vowed, tib Lee were dtgiven back,
to izzue a ptcoc2amation abotishing s&veAy. Lee's 6otcces occupied Fnedeki.ck. The Union
6o&ces undeAc Geneut McCZet&n had knowledge ob Lee's p&" and pttepaAed to meet his movement
towan.d HanpeAz FeArtc.y.
The battee at TutcneAc',s Gap on South. Mountain was bought Septembet 14th, 1862
between Majotc GeneAat Butcw ide commanding the fright wing o6 the Union Atcmy, 30,000 .6 Ac.ong,
and Mato& Genets. Longsttceet and D. H. Hitt, ob the Con6edeurte Arany, 25,000 sttcong. The
;,Mµk r
F'
„1 !
s
Am
7 HUlsp i to e DuA r ng Ant t.2tam
Aly
-
.same day 6mtheA south at Crcampton'z Gap between Majora GeneAae. Ftankti.n's Sixth Corcp-5 -
Union, and Bxigad.ien Genenae. Cobb, with too to three bAi.gades o6 McLaLv'.6 division, while
the tatgerc potti.on o6 McLaw'.s division was some mites bunthen on opehati.ng against Man.yea.nd
Heights and Hcvcpeu Fenny.
Thrcee days Zaten . . . heU brwke .hoose: . . . The Battle o6 Antietam . . .
Bloody Lane . . . Buuzide Bni.dge . . ..the "corwjietd% McCZettan - Lee, cannon . . the
wart whoops of both Btue and Gxcay . the SteZd hospcta z, teeming ukth bloody, bat en
.soZdierus . . . K.c.2 "gbburcg Cave . . . Shanpsbung - twenty -jive thousand Amenican6 Zort .
Lee',s netteat ac&oss the Potomac . . . a vA'. toAi.ou.6 but badly damaged Union Army . . .
Antietam Nat i.onat Cemetety . . .
Ha&pe)us Fe 1fty and Washtington prcotec ted . . . Prces eAvation o6 the Union . . .
Lincotn.'.5 Emancipation Pnoc eamation.
The btoodieist battle . . .
Antietam Nation, BattZeiietd.
72
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73
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By the tuAn o6 the centuAy Hageutown had .cts wateA system in opeAation, piped
6tom South. Mountain, etectAi.city had been in itoduced and the use o6 the .telephone was ae-
teady commonplace among many bamities. Machinery ut6ed .in manu6ac uAing wa6 mote complex.
The house and buggy and cudtom made .goods weAe on their way out . . . mahz ptoducti.on and
the automob-ite wc-Ae on theLt way in. The tin tizz.im grew so kapidf-y that , a6 ea�ity as
1905,a 100 cart auto garage was .in opeAation in downtown Hagvtustown.
Hagerustown was at6o manubactuAing autos. The MotteA Motor Company cheated the
Dagmat and Pope ManuJactu)i.ng Company had a branch 6actoty in town.
"By the eality '20'z, men and bo yz were tinkeAing with tiny cAysta z and enot-
moud battetuu in ce-2,P.au and gatages hoping to .5na)Le s i.gna6s atom KDKA and othv L
pioneet.ing tadio .stat-i.om. In 1932, WJFJ became Hagelustown',5 �i&6t .6tation."
The Hagetustown zeweAage digposat zy-5tem was completed in 1925 and the city'.5
6iut b k y,6c)La pec, the Hotet AtexandeA, wa3 opened in 1929.
As the automobile grew .in pop to tity, taiXAoad passengeA 6eAv.ice began to dec ine.
The We�stetn Matcytand RaitAoad had estabti�shed Pen Mat Path beJote the beginning o� the cen-
tufty to encourage gteateh use o6 the taUAoad. In 1900 the area, neat the Pennzytvani,a tine,
75
Z77 OVA$ -
76 Custom Built in Hageutown
,suppotcted 7 hotels and 100 boatcdi.ng hou.6a. It was not uncommon Uotc there to be 5000 peopte
at Pen Marc Patch on a t6ummetc day when it was known at5 the 'Coney Ista.nd o6 Btue Ridge'.
Specia.E tAai,nts with 6eveAaZ sections were .6cheduted by the W.M.R.R. 6tcom both east and west.
The BEue Ridge Mountain Howe, a tcambti.ng thtcee-Stotcy 6tcame 6tnuctutce, accomodated 400
ove4ni.ght guet6td burned in 1913. By 1928, Affittcoad management teased the amusement pcftk
to othetc o peAatotcs when they bound that nine out o6 ten pattcons o6 the paxk came by auto on
bus. Pen Matt continued to opetate unfit gad tati,on,ing in 1943 bonced it to cYtot6e.
In 1915, the b,vUst public park. in Washington County was e�stab.P,it hed. The City
bought Heyzetc',s Woods, dtained the swamp and began devetop.ing City Paxk-
By the end ob the 19th centutc.y, batrmetvs wetce hatcvest.ing not mote than 17 bushets
ob wheat pen. actce and 30 bushed ob cot n on the avetcage. Then the Univetrs ty ob MwuJY-and Ex-
tension Senv.ice otcgan,ized men'ts and boy',s ceu.bts among the county's batcm bam.i.Pia, guiding
them ,into mote sy,6temat.ic and sc%ent.ib.ic use ob theitc Zand, unfiit today a good cxop yea&
wilt y.iee.d at .-east 35 to 40 bushetz ob wheat and 80 bushe 6 ob cotcn to an actce.
By the .gate 1920',s with mechanization beginning to abbect agn.icuttute, baAmi.ng
was changing bnom a bamiZy abbait into an .indutstn.y. The Intetvstate MiZk Pt oduceu A6,soci-a-
tion became active to poputat ze shipment ob vast quantities ob niiP-k to Washington and
77
Pennsytvan.i.a, mank.ets. Faxmexs who once bought a cath ox two box their own consumption,
now bought young bee6 cattee 6xom we6tenn sounca .in quantic e%, battened them on the
6axm's s unptws hay and 6oddex and s oZd to packetus . Hogs had become such a pxo 6.c ta-5.E' e com-
modity that 6axmen/ caned them moxtgage-tai 6 eu .
The Pteasant VaUey turned .into one o6 the natdon's most productive xaspbehny
patches, .6hipping a qu.ahteA-mitt.ion boxes each .5ummeA, most.ey to Pitt6bung.
The tractor . . . etectxu.c miP-ken . . . .cmpxoved txanspoxati.on . . . the 6anm
machinery era had begun to change the 6ace o6 the 'down-home' 6anm.
W mrd wax I had neZa t i.v et y tittte .impact on W" hingto n County. In the 6.inat
tatty 72 counti.anz had been kilted .in action white duxting the same pelui,od between 300 and
500 had died o6 a .6evexe Zoca t outbreak o b .initu.enza.
Sociat xe,6pon.6 ib- titi.es began to win xupect. A 4ve year demon.6tnati.on began
in 1920, evolving into a 6oxmat health department o66exing vaccination, preventive and
dc,agnostic help. The Red Crass, which had oxganized in the county in 1916 box wan purposes,
xeoxganized in. 1925 to .6tres6 ci.vitian xe.P,ie6. The King'z vaughteAs, which had begun as a
tiny women's gxoup in one church decades eaxUen, had evolved .into a Zacge .inteAdenom.inationat
gxoup which supexv.used many 6unctions now pen6oxmed by we e6are. agencies.
78
SeAvice cu hs were otganiz-i.ng in the 1920'A . . . and each took up a community
pro j eat . . . Rota�u%ans, K-i.wand an,6 , the Monarch. Ctub and the Li.o" . IZ waz the Monartch Ctub
that .speanhea.ded the Boy Scow movement tocaU-y.
Pnoh.ib-i tion came eaxty in Washington County . . . it went dtr-y in 1918 and
moo"hini.ng became a money atop. RuAa2 moonzh,i.neu, especia.Uy in the r outhenn pant ob the
county, were key prwducelus. It wals Spencer weaver who ortganized the moonvsh,ineu into a
,syndicate bort pxoduction and makketing duti.ng prtohibition. Inducements bon moonshineu to
join .included a steady income and ' cAadZe to grave' brc inge beneb is . IJ the occupat onat
hazartd ob a raid xesutted in a jail tvun, the moonsh,i.nen',s ra aAy continued and .loans were
made bon rceerstabtizhment ob the business. Weaver provided a w.i.dow',s pension in the event
ob an accidental death and he had a standing ax ngement with a buneAat home in HoApen',s
Fehruy. Spenceh weavers used the bokmeA "Salty Dog SaP.00n" at Sandy Hook ban a contno2
center bort his openationz .
1 "The entettpAiz e
ended with the demise
o b WeaveA,
who
wh.i f -e under the .in-
6tuence ob W
own ptoduct, backed W
auto into
the
CSU Canal and
drtcwned. "
1 Historuy Atong The TAait 79
Bu,5ines.5 and indust.y ptozpened duAing the 1920's. By 1927, Hageutown had
115 SactoAi a in openat%on ptoduc%ng mote than 50 h i,nd,s o6 goods with an annuat ati.mated
vague of $50 mcttQion. HageA.6town ways making taxi, cabs Jot New yo&k City, .shoes jot South
Attica, Jtuttcake jot Japan and t.ibbon Jot the medal the U. S. gave the new helve Cha to
A. LindbeAgh.
Onty minot attention was paid to one o b the smaP_t at indu6tpL es . The Kne i.deA-
Re usne.& AiAcAaJt Cotpotat-i.on, incotpokated in 1924. A Jew yeaAz tatet it had 32 men at
wotlz buitding the Chattengen, that tnave ted 102 MPH and caAAi,ed a 764 pound payload.
FiAm were buying them at a tate ob one weekly at a $2,500 pAice tag.
1929 . . . the crash: Some ZocaZ banks ce.osed, never to reopen. Buitding came
to a neat ztand6titt. The a.Pm houze at BetZevue couedn't begin to cope with the number ob
down and out c.ndi.vidua.P,s and 6amiei.es, causing the Wet6ate Department to become the main
,s o utce o6 te.e i.e 6 .
The WoAkz Ptogtez.s Administration (WPA) eased some of the Depte/s.6ion pangs.
80
By 1936, 1,100 people weAe on the WPA paytott. It pnov.i.ded some on aU the
money bots such. Sttuuctune.6 at, Hageutown City Hale, GI,c,Q.Q,iam3 pout l i.bALfty and town buitding
and PangboAn. Pasch.
OtheA Depte/ssion measune�s took young people obb tcetie6. Civilian CowseAvation
Conpa membelus had cuszignmentt6 in Wushington County. The Nationae Youth Admin.usttca ion buc.et
a headquottetus ojj Ftcedetci,ck Stkeet that eventuatty became the nuceeuh 6otc the Boatel o6
Bducaii,on;.6 adm niztAati.ve o66ice/s .
Phy6icaZ growth in the late 1930',s In the Hagex6town area began to took to
.5ubunb.i.a a3 Fountainhead and Ha 6way began to develop with a reliance on the automobile.
GloAtd Glare 11 had dA amat-i.c impact on Glaz hl.ngto n County. S ev etcat days b e jo tce
Hit&,t ondeAed Nazi. tnoop6 Into Poland, the Glatt Depax ment gave a tentative mZUion doUaA
onden bon PT -19 tAainen pta.ne�s to FaiAchitd AiActcabt CoxpoAation, the �iAm which had bought
the Kxeldetc-RWneA Uactotc.y. It .6taAted an even glddien ptcopwity wave than the 1920'.5
had produced.
Foto the jiut time in a?most a century, Glat hington County prepatced 6or a poz-
,sc to enemy attack. Manned, equipped ca3uatty stati,onz weAe maintained at thiAteen points
in the county and bot the 6i&6t time, latcge numbers o6 soZdietus ttuuned In the area.
81
xt
V�-
4�
Camp Ritchie had been atabti6hed in noAtheasteAn Walsh,ington County jot the
Matytznd Nati.onat Guatd in 1926. In June o� 1942, the Glare Department turned .it into it's
main 6i.etd tnai.ning centet 4ox the mititany intettigence division. Mone than $5 mitti.on
way spent on imptovement3 on the post.
For the jiut time, Washington County was dominated by one industry . . .
Faitchitd. Fmptoyment peaked at 10,000 in 1943. At the height o6 the wan e66ont, Fait-
chitd o p eta t i.o nz s ptawted o vett mote than a mi.i o n .s q uatce beet o� Es pace in its own
6actohiu, the 6a,itcgtounA matin exhibition ha t, Southetcn Shoe Company buitAing, Odd
Fe.Ptom Hatt and mote than a dozen other .stnuctune�s . . . Axound the clock shijts.
Othet indurttiu converted to wan production. M. P. Monet bui t emptoyment
6nom 185 to
1,200 thtough Fait chid zubconttcact�s .
W. H. Ret6netc Manubactuh.i,ng
Company,
Fedetat. S,iek
Mitts, Hageutown LeatheA Company and
New yotk Centtat Iron Wonks
. . . att
manuiactu/ i_ng wan matte.cae..
The huge louse in employment broke down baAAieu. Fi,,ans hived women wonkex3
jot the �.uvst time and btach/s , unable to Aind work in most bactoxie�s be�ote the wan,
became patti.cutatc y ptominent 0-6 pant o� the FaiAchi d Zabot 6otce.
83
Hundttedd ob 6amiUee moved to Wadh.ington County to get wan Jobs. A.P., ovex
town .eattge sin.gte-bamity hou6e6 were conveAted to apantment6 and the Zange6t subd.iv z ion
in the county's hddtony (171 uniU) Hamitton Pante wad buiet .in tce6ponse to the hou.6.i.ng
The watt completed the dependence ob W"h.ington County on motor veh.ic u. The
oZd cudtom o b t i.v cng within wa,eh%ng distance o b wank had tingetted bort most countians through
the 1930's. But Pa Ach Zd's main baciotty notrth ob town wad too batt. The exodu6 to the sub-
uAbs began, accompanied by st ip commeAci.at deve eopment on Route 40 east, Penn6ytvan.i.a
Avenue and V- xg.inia. Avenue. HoweveA, poputzti.on .inchea6e in the decade 1940-1950 was bewe)t
than 4,000 peop.ee..
The .date 401s - buy a TV. Sunday evening church s env.ices were dib cont.i need by
moat chuttched . . . Ed Su ti.van competition.
Pa iJtchi ed employment dna pped .6 owey. 1956 . . . the jiut s ubuttban shopping
center peanned, ptanning bort the Inteutate6, .introduction ob the two high schooZ concept . . .
The b.utdt Juniott Cottege .in the state had been edtab.P,Ldhed.
The 1960's began with the won6t unemptoyment pttobtem since the Veptte6s.ion .
600 bamitiets nequi&e.d ne.ei,.eb duAin.g the winter ob 1960-61.
84
The T&oUey Lasted Fan Fifty Yeau
85
But the ni6is was eased by a number. ob .indurtni.at acqui6iti.ons . . . Mack
Truche moved Brom P.ta,i.n6i.e,td, New Jenzey to Hageutown . . . Donbee, Wand -Leonard and
Londontown.
The eaAty 601s a so brought the race i6zue back .into tocat news. * "In 1961,
an Abn,ican dip.tomat was rebused service at the Howard Johnson Rutaunant on the eastern
edge ob town. Nati.onz behind the Iron Curtain immediatety seized on it as a typical instance
ob Q.meAican bigotry . . . rumb.ti.ngs rebounded through Washington and Hageutown invited him
back bot a dinneA o6 apo.togy. "
Segregation bonmatty endedin the county's pubti.c schoo.t system in 1964.
In the mid -19601s W"hington County embanked upon the p.tann%ng process .in .tocat goveument
and adopted a 'Paan For The County' and by 1972, had adopted a county -wide Zoning Ordinance
which .inc -udes prov-usions bon hi6ton is preservation.
I nteuta to highways 81 and 70 we u comp.teted .in the .tate 60's and have had
cont idmab.te .impact on the county, with Hagerstown, Hatbwa.y and W tt iamspont at the cuzs-
road6 ob two heavily ttave.tted breeways which `.tead to major markets and .improve access.ib.c tity.
The by-passing highways have spanked new traveP.ter and reg-i,onat on,iented .land u6es such a6
-the Hatbway Matt which conth ibutes butthe t to .toc.at dependence on the automob.c t.e and has
* HeAat-d-Ma-i.t - Centennia.t Issue, June 8, 1973
86
cont i.buted to the decline ob downtown Hagetr6town as the teg.ionat commeAciat center.
SubuAban deve eopment .incAea.6 a and a new phenomena ob the '70'z . . . targe
.6cafe exutban development.
The automobile . . . the new acce�sz.cb:i,?.c ty to and btom tuta,P ta.nd began to
puA up baton .land pticu in the 150's . . . the .eand was now sus tabZe and de,6i able bon
mote than agticuttutat urse, upecc,aUy tetati.ve to baAw nears to Hagetcstown and the county's
tatgeti. towns. The trend .incAeased thtwugh the '60'.6 and today .hand pAice d.ibbetentiae.
between tuAat balm and 6ubuAban teand .cis ins.ignti scant . . . banm emptoyment drops . . .
the size ob baium decP.ines .in the bace ob deve.eopment and zpecu&a ion.
The new .eared uzu ob the '70'.6 . . . .i.ndut6t&izV- panh6, t tge JscaZe mobile home
patrhs, matt6, bast boodd, conenvenience stotes .
87
110,000
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10 ,000
0
Aiila2y a/ ej"alulatio-ft '&OWIA
1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
FIRST U. S. CENSUS
v�
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�ia�a2ic �`�aceQ
The Nati.onat Histotric P&aehvafii.on Act ob 1966 (Pubtic Law 89-665) etstabtitshed
The Nat i.o nat Regi.6ten 'W dis to is is , sites, b uiZdingh , s t-Auc iutzets , and objects s igni6 icant
.in AmeA i.can h stmj, atchitectute, atcch.eoZog y, and cuttuAe, heA nabte, teJufted to as The
Nation, RegizteA, and to gAa t bunds to Staters bon the punpose ob ptcepaAing comptcehenzive
statewide h.ivstotu.c .sutcveys and pZam, in accoAcdance with cA tenia estabti,6hed by the Sec-
netatcy (ob Intetuo)L) bon the pnetseAvation, acquisition, and development ob such ptwpe&t.es;"
In the act Cong>Luz bound and deceatted that "the tsp 4it and diAec ion ob the
Nation ate bounded upon and u6tec ted in its h.ivston.%c past" and that "the histotr icat and
cui tutcaae 6o undatio rvs o6 the Nation s hou Zd be pees etcv ed ass a .e iv.ing pato o b out community t ibe
and deveQ.opment .in ondetc to give a zentse ob oxi.entation to the AmeAican people."
The Washington County .bites, buUdi.ngs and tstnuctuAzz which ate included in the
Nation. Reg.usteA .in 1975 ate indicated on the boUow.ing map.
91
The wa6hington County H-usto)ric Site -6 Survey .i.6 in ptogtezz and wilt tjzt and
provide detailed .injonmation and photo documentation on each .6-c to of h ztoni,c on anc.hi tec-
t viae 6ign 6icance in the County. The suxvey reautt6 w.i U contA i.bute to .i.ncnea6.ing ZocaZ
paAticipation in the Nati.onat Regizter and documentation w.c.QQ..substanti.aUy as.6i6t in making
W toA i.c ptes ervat i on a mote integut part o f the phy6ica a ptanning proce6z .
Wa,6h,ington County Nation. Reg"ter entk e6 WiU continue to increase. A
cen ut, 6ormaZ pZac.e shoutd be eatab.P zhed bot pub.eic di.6pea.y, both by name and photograph,
of those dtites, bu.iedinga and btructunez which ane .inceuded on the Regdzter.
92
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IN
1'
,v1,4104 c 304e4eivalion
to
9Ae "anntng J02Qcea,4
The goad, of the Wa,6hin.gton County Compt ehen/sive P.ean ,cis to ".improve both
the ' qua e i ty o f tie' and the ',6tandat d o6 t i.v.cng' .in W" h,i.ngton County though the
ba.&nced, wise use of ouh natutae treysowtces, als-6wLi.ng quality ti.vdng environments, de-
veeoping a .6ound, diveui6i.ed economy and an atmosphetce stimu.eat,ing to thought�ut,
neat t.ve and en j o yabte pug u.cts . "
Objectives, with negand to hi-stoAi.c ptceseAvati.on, which we hope w.c.?t con-
t,t bute to the attainment o6 this goat include
- PAzsetcve Washington County'.6 Ai.ch, h.ustotcic and ancki tectuAat heAitage;
- Ptcotect the integtuty and chanacten of majotc h.ustotucat sites and
,sttcuctuxes thxough e66ecti.ve .eared use p.eanning and other ava.ieabZe
incentives .
The battZe6i.eZd6; the monuments; the unique 19th centaxy JaAm aAc.h,i tectuh.e;
the Mone bAi.dge�s; the ttemnants of a nett-i:ng, agAatuan cuttuAe; tcemindeu of out &esounce-
�u.en.e,6.6 in eaAty industry; the growth o6 out institutions . . . "to protect the integtuty
06 . . . ", to "pkesettve" must .tnvoZve d tigent e6jotct within the pta.nni,ng ptcocuz.
93
L
L
LTho.6e aspects of the pnoce.ss most v.ctat and .inte4ARI ted with Wtoni.c
pn.Uehvation objectives .i,nctu,de the Jo.e.Q,ow.ing:
1. Land Use Ptann ing , in the teAm-s o6 both .gong -mange .land use poticy and Land use
LcontuZ6, mu.6t take .into account histoni.c zt uctutu, sites and monument .in onde,%
L
L
L
u
to prevent gu.6,6 incompat,ibitity at vaAi.ou.6 .6caZes; bum the natuxe and deaign ob
communi ties as they tetate to ztnuctutez, s te6 on monument of vatu.e, to te&ttion-
,ships between adjacent bu tdings. Hi6totic V.vstAi.ct Zoning, cwiAentP-y being
implemented in Washington County, is pA ma&,Uy a pta.nning toot jot the pnesenvat,i.on
o J h.i atoAi.c ztAuctutez . Many o J the County's hi-6tot i.c to .d arteas trema i.n unptotected
and acre subject to development pnesdutu and incompat,ibte commeAc.i.aZizm.
The Country's .hand use ptan 6hou2.d be pnepahed with the use of mapped and vatu.e-Aank.ed
ne6uP.t6 of the Washington County H.usto)ri.c Situ Survey.
1 94
2. Community Vevetopment Oppohtu.ni ti,eS
Community historic di 6t i.cts nationwide ate, in the pucas o b being nebtoned and
nevi tae ized and many have become both teoc.at and teg.i.onat activity centeus . Oppon-
tuniti.es ob hmatt Amat community nestonation and deveeopme.nt dhoutd be expeoned .in
the process ob devetoping the County',s Compnehevs.ive Paan. A zroa t, historic, but
phyz ic.a ty decUning area aecesa.cbte to the County's majora highways coutd be peannned
bon anchitectuut Aeztofrati.on, commecct,ae nevitatization, (i.e. cka.bt zhopa, antiques
and grave ten zer,vicez) new o66 -ice .6pace bon the Cou.nty',s DepaAtnent ob Touti,6m, and
an Intecphetive Center ob the County',6 rich his.tony and by tage.
Ass an exampee, the viZ&ge ob Beaver Cxeeh, now stnateg.icatty tocated at a major highway
.c.ntecchange, coued .serve such a buncti.on, on a timited ba6.<6, th wugh a pAo ect ob
cona.idecabte cooperation and ptann%ng on a quaa.i-public ba3.iz.
The oppontunitied in h-istoAic pne6envati,on bon .improving the tocae tax base and .impnov.i.ng
the tou&L6m indu.6t4y abound .in Wuh.ington County.
95
3 . TAa►vs pon to io n Ptanning
The pnocesz ob ptanning and pnognamm.i.ng new highway alignments and i,mpnovement6 to
ex-usting highways muat include cons.ide4ations o6 impact upon h"toni.c stnuctuxes and
anead and upon the Cou.nty',s h.ivsto kic..stone bAidge/s . The review o6 potent i.aZ impact
.6houe.d become a tegutvA and automatic P.eann.ing Commi6s-ion pnoce.6s {ion a i County,
State and Pedenat highway pro j ect,6 and t ineaA u tc - ty pZa.nning pro jectis .
Ma,6,s Tnans.c t can and .shoued pZay an important uZe .in .5enwi.ng ztgnij.icant Wtoxic
and tce.cne at io na e zi tees duA i.ng to vs une ho uu .in addition to pro v,i.d i ng guided touAs .
4. Palck-s and Open Space Ptanning
PanU .in W"h.ington County pnov.ide a wide range of jaccX.i ti.ez and recreation,- and
Ze is une bunctZonz . Special -use h.ustoAic. paAkz present untotd oppontunitie.6 in
Washington County. UZni-museum3, histofc.ic and inteApnetive ce.nteJus and hi,6tonic
.eiv.ing Uanm3 ane v.i.abte concepts to be expe.oned ,in the Plan. pnocesz.
E
r
WR
Nati.oviae Otganizations
Adv.v oxy Council on Historic PneseAvati.on
1522 K Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20005
Ame,tican A6,6oc,cation bon State and
Loc.at H.ustony
1315 8th Avenue South
Na6hviUe, 7ennesee 37203
AmeAican Institute of Anch.itects
1735 New VoAk Avenue, N. W.
Wa3hi.ngton, D. C. 20036
AmeAican Institute o b PtanneX6
1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W.
wa,5kington, D. C. 20036
Ameh,%can Society of C.ivit Bnginee&6
345 Bast 47th Street
Nein Yoxk, New yoxk 10013
Depaktment o6 Housing and Urban
Dev eP.o pment
451 7 th Street, S. W.
Washington, D. C. 20410
AmeAican Society o j Lands cape Architects
1150 OZd Meadow Road
McLean, Vi&g.in,i a 22101
98
ArccheoZo g.i c a.e I ns tctute o j AmeA ica
260 [Vest Broadway
New yo&k, New York 10013
Hi6toxic AmeAican Buitdi.ng,5 Suhvey
Natio nat PoAk S eAv,i.ce
Department o � the I nteh i.on
18th and C Stn.eets , N. W.
W"hington, D. C. 20240
H.cstotic Ammican Bng.ineeAi.ng Recoxd
Nationat PaAk Senv-ice
DepaAbnent o6 the Intexion
18th and C Stneet6, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20240
Nati.on.ae. Park SeAv.ice of AncheoZogy
and H.cstoni.c PneseAvation
Na ti.onaZ PaAk SeAvice
Depaxment of the InteAion
18th and C Streets, N. W.
W"hington, D. C. 20240
Nat.i.onat Reg.usten of H-cston.ic Peaces
Nati.ona.P. Pahk Senv.ice
Depattrnent o6 the Intetion
18th and C Streets, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20240
Nati.onae Ttuvsx bon HiszoAi.c P&UeAvation
.in the United States
740-748 JacUon Place, N. W.
Wa6hington, D. C. 20006
Society batt AmeAican Ancheotogy
c/o Secnetany
Anthxopotogy Department
Univetu,,c ty ob Ainnehota
'%tii-neapoZZ6, Minnesota 55455
Society ob Anchiteciutaf- H.istojcians
1700 Gamut Street
Ph.ita.de2phia, Pen"ytvan.ia 19103
Society bots Hi6toxicaL'. Atccheo.eogy
c/o Ethnotogizt
At izona Sttceet Museum
Un,ive L6 ty ob AAizona
Tuscon, Atri.zona 85721
Society batt I ndusty at AtccheoZog y
Room 5020, Museum ob History and
Tech.noZog y
Smiths o pian I ns t.i tut io n
Washington, D. C. 20560
MLA a.nd Otcganizations
Ma&y&nd H.c6totr i.cat Tnwst
21 State C tae
Annapo.P,iz, Manytand 21401
Phone: 267-1440
Matcyta.nd Department ob State
Ptann ing
301 West Pxeston Street
Ba timone, Many.ea.nd 21201
Phone: 383-2460
Mcuc y&nd D.iviz ion o b To ux" m
2525 Riva Road
Annapot,iz, Ma&ytand 21401
C 9 v Canal A.6sociattion
6001 Btcyn Maw& Avenue
Glen Echo, Ma&yta.nd 20768
..j
Waeh.in ton Co 0 anizati.ons
Washington County Hi6ton%cat Society
138 West Wa3h ington StAeet
Hageutown, Mwujtand Phone: 797-8782
Wabhington County H"toni.cat
Adv.vs oxy Committee
Count Hoube Annex
HageA6town, Maxytand
Phone: 731-0110, ext. 238
Washington County H"tonic
Di.6tni.ct Comm,i6.6 on
138 West Wadh.i.ngton Sfikeet
Hageutown, Mwujta.nd Phone: 797-8782
Washington County Ptann ing Commi6d.i.on
Count House Annex
Hageutown, Maxytand
Phone: 731-0110, ext. 238
Washington County Towli6m Uepantment
40 Summit Avenue
Hageutown, Maxyeand
Phone: 731-0110, ext. 292
Punkstown H"tonicat Society
Punk6town, Manyeand 21734
Phone:
Boon6bono Histonicae Society
Boonisboxo, MwujZand 21713
Phone:
100
Appa&ch.i.an TAa iP. Ctub
C.ivit Wax Round Tab&
Antietam Battteji.etd Pxotectou , Inc.
109 west Main SVice.et
Shaxpsbuxg, MaxyP..and 21782
ABSTRACT
Title: HiAtor,teat Penepectivea
Author: Wabhirgton County Planning Comm.i.6aion
Subject: Summarized Hi6.tony o6 Wabhington County
Name o6 Planning Agency: Maryta d Depah,Unent 06 State Planning
Name o6 Locae Agency: Wabhington County PRanning Commi44 ion
Soureeb o6 Copie4: Washington County Planning Comnii,ee-i.on
24 Summit Avenue
Hagerbtown, Ma&yZand
Maryland Deparbnent o6 State Ptanning
State. 0b6iee Bui Paling
BaLtimote, Marytand
U. S. Department o6 H. U. D.
Regionat 066iee
Baltimore, MaryZard
H.U.D. Project No: MD. P - 1013
Paget: 100
Ab6tnac,t: This btudy zum c-, ze.a .the h.i.atony and heritage o6 Wabhington County
Brom i,ta 6iut eetttement .tivwugh the 20th centuhy. The pnepanat on
bon devetopi.ng the County'6 Comprehenai.ve Plan thu6 i.ncZadea an undex-
ztand.uig o6 .the County'6 background, it6 phyzical and cuttural
hudAage which will better pu4x e c tizem and deci,a.ion makeu to
eS6eetivety dent with the County'6 6uture pwbLem6 and oppor.tuni ti.ea.
In addition, the 6tudy touches upon the var,i.oua meant o6 p&uehvation
o6 the hi,stmi,c phy6i.cat- environment and pnovade6 a Wting o6 organ-
izatiom with interebta in Wabhington County hietory and Wtori.e
pke elcva,tion.
Reproduc&,on Notes
( 29) Pta tem
Pag u
Hi,6to)LicaZ Ptupec tives
Coven.
Ba&4 Setteement-Chap. Divider w/photo
Between
4 and 5
Photo
Page
10
Photo
Page
15.
Photo
Page
16
Photo
Page
18
Photo
Page
20
Photo
Page
26
Photo
Page
28
Photo and Text
Page
40
The 1800'd Chapter Divider w/photo
Between
40-41
Photo - hotc.izontat - top is on .keit
Page
47
Photo
Page
50
Photo
Page
52
Photo
Page
54
Photo
Page
64
Photos (2)
Page
67
Photo
Page
68
Ptatm
Pag ens
The Civ. t wan -chap. Divider Between 68 - 69
Photo
Page 70
Photo
Page 71
Photo
Page 73
The 20th
Century- Chap. Divddet w/photo Between 73-74
Photo
Page 74
Photo
Page 76
Photo
Page 82,
Photo
Page 85
Photo
Page 90
Map
Bta.ch ba3e, Brawn ovexta.y - Reduce tib necessary
Between pagers 92-93